Commercial livestock production offers one of the main opportunities for mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation in the grassland biome of South Africa. Grazing management is expected to influence success. With the uses of three long-term grazing trials, effects of stocking rate and cattle-to-sheep ratio on the plant composition and diversity of Highland Sourveld grassland in KwaZulu-Natal were examined. Plant diversity was sampled with the use of modified Whittaker plots. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to test the effects of treatments on compositional variation, and general linear models were used to test individual species' responses. In a biennial rotation, burned/grazed plots supported lower species richness of forbs and all plants than unburned/ungrazed plots, attributed to the impact of grazing during the season of occupation. A high stocking rate resulted in a long-term decrease of forb richness in one experiment, but an increase in another. An increasing proportion of sheep to cattle resulted in a long-term decrease of the richness of forbs and of total species richness. The three trials identified nongrass species that behaved as increasers or decreasers in response to an increase in stocking rate, and a set of species that behaved as decreasers in response to an increasing proportion of sheep to cattle. Constraints on using long-term trials for identifying the effects of livestock management on plant diversity include lack of baseline data, limited replication, preexperimental impacts on the study site, and the difficulty of assessing uncommon species. Resumen La producción ganadera comercial ofrece una de las principales oportunidades para canalizar la conservación de la biodiversidad en los pastizales de Sudáfrica. Se espera que el manejo del pastoreo influya en tener éxito. Con este fin, se evaluó el uso de tres ensayos de pastoreo a largo plazo, el efecto de la carga animal y la relación de ganado-ovejas en la composición y diversidad de los pastizales en Highland Sourveld grassland KwaZulu-en Natal. La diversidad de plantas fue muestreada utilizando la te´cnica modificada de las parcelas de Whittaker. Análisis de correspondencia canónica fueron utilizados para probar los efectos de los tratamientos sobre la variación de la composición, y los modelos lineares generales fueron usados para probar la respuesta individual de las especies. En una rotación bienal las parcelas quemadas/pastoreadas presentaron el menor número de especies de herbáceas y de todo tipo de plantas, comparadas con las parcelas sin quema y/o pastoreo. Esto se atribuyó al impacto de la actividad de pastoreo durante la época en que se llevó a cabo. Una mayor carga animal dio como resultado una disminución a largo plazo de la riqueza de herbáceas en un experimento pero se incrementó en otro. Al incrementarse la proporción de ovejas sobre el ganado hubo una disminución a largo plazo sobre el número de herbáceas, así como una disminución en el número total. Durante los tres estudios se identificaron especies no gramínea...
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