Of 10 patients, 8 were available for vibroplasty behavioral threshold testing. In 2 patients, testing could not be done because of wound breakdown requiring device explantation in 1 case, and in the other case, the bone conduction thresholds dropped 2 months after implantation, thus falling out of the performance range of the device. Postoperative FMT migration occurred in 50% of the patients (3/6) with recurrent chronic ear disease and status after multiple previous ear operations. All patients, including the 3 patients requiring surgical repositioning of the FMT, attained significantly improved speech in quiet and speech in noise when compared with the preoperatively best aided performance. All patients showed significantly improved average Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Benefit scores with the use of the FMT. Direct (partial or complete) contact with the RWM resulted in good coupling efficiency; soft tissue coupling resulted in a reduced coupling efficiency.

The metanephric, or definitive, kidney forms as a result of inductive processes between tissues of two distinct embryologic origins, the metanephric mesenchymal blastema and the ureteric bud. After inductive signalling between these primordial tissues, mesenchymal cells aggregate next to the branching ureteric bud tip, convert to epithelial cells and differentiate into the diverse cell populations of the nephron. The ureteric bud enters branching morphogenesis and gives rise to the collecting duct system. Nephrogenesis has become a target system by which to study developmental processes including embryonic inductive interactions, mesenchyme-to-epithelium conversion, cell lineage pathways, epithelial cell polarization, branching morphogenesis and spatio-temporal expression of transcription factors. This review summarizes data on cellular and extracellular events during epithelial metanephrogenesis.

Increasing pain levels after the first week postoperatively, for 3 days, are most likely to be caused by the change to more extensive mobilization and physiotherapy in the rehabilitation unit. No significant influence or correlation on the intensity of postoperative pain could be found while evaluating potential predictors except preoperative pain levels. Pain management has to take these findings into account in the future to further increase patients' satisfaction in the postoperative course after total hip arthroplasty and to adapt pain management programs.

This study demonstrates that attachment to the stapes or incus provides the best coupling when compared to round window vibroplasty. When applicable, stapes or incus coupling should be the first choice when implementing vibroplasty.