Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, digital technologies for distance learning have been used in educational institutions worldwide, raising issues about social implications, technological development, and teaching and learning strategies. While disparities regarding access to technical equipment and the internet (‘the digital divide’) have been the subject of previous research, the physical learning environment of learners participating in online learning activities has hardly been investigated. In this study, the physical-spatial conditions of learning environments, including technical equipment for distance learning activities and their influence on adult learners in academic continuing education during initial COVID-19 restrictions, were examined. Data were collected with an online survey sent to all students enrolled in an Austrian continuing education university, together with a small number of semi-structured interviews. A total of 257 students participated in the survey during the 2020 summer semester. Our findings provide insights in two infrequently-studied areas in learning environment research: the physical learning environment for online learning and the learning environment in academic continuing education. The study illustrates that students in academic continuing education have spacious living conditions and almost all the equipment necessary for digitally-supported learning. According to gender and household structure, significant differences were found regarding technical equipment, ergonomic furniture and availability of a dedicated learning place. In their learning sessions during the restrictions, students reported low stress levels and positive well-being. The more that they perceived that their physical learning environment was meeting their needs, the higher were their motivation and well-being and the lower was their stress. Their learning experience was further improved by the extent to which they had a separate and fixed learning place that did not need to be coordinated or shared with others. The study contributes to the literature on creating conducive learning environments for digitally-supported online learning for adult learners.

When the COVID-19 pandemic forced higher education institutions to implement their programs in an online setting, different groups of students were influenced to different extents. In many cases, the main locus of learning moved to students' homes, and their learning experiences were suddenly contextualized in their residential situation and immediate physical learning environment. The present study consequently examines the role of physical learning environments on different factors influencing students’ learning when pursuing their study from at home. It contrasts the situation of traditional students in a higher education institution and non-traditional students in an academic continuing education institution, which address target groups with different living conditions and needs in learning support. Data were collected via an online survey sent to students enrolled in these two institutions, with a total of 353 students participating during a timeframe impacted by COVID-related lockdowns. We found that stress and well-being is strongly linked to the quality of the surrounding environment of the learning place, whereas perceived motivation is more strongly related to the quality of the learning place itself. How strongly students are affected by these factors is moderated by their overall socio-spatial context. Academic continuing education students are more resilient to sub-optimal physical learning environment than traditional students. Altering the design of the immediate learning environment consequently can help to mitigate factors that negatively impact students’ well-being and learning motivation, which is particularly important for traditional students, who primarily dedicate their time to pursuing their studies.

Die traditionelle Wohnhausarchitektur der Hafenstadt Dschiddah an der Westküste Saudi Arabiens weist einzigartige bauklimatische Eigenschaften auf, die bisher noch nicht auf wissenschaftlich fortschrittlichem Niveau dokumentiert wurden. Eine interdisziplinäre Studie von Architekturgeschichte‐ und Bauforschungsexperten hat sich daher damit beschäftigt, regionaltypische historische Wohnhausformen und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit klimatischen Standortverhältnissen darzustellen. Die typischen drei‐ bis sechsgeschossigen Gebäude wurden aus dem lokal vorhandenen Korallenstein errichtet. Neben der Verwendung dieses Baustoffes sind die Geometrien der Baukörper sowie die Stadtbild prägenden und in den Straßenraum ragenden Fenstererker eine Reaktion auf das besonders feuchte und heiße Klima von Dschiddah. Um die bauphysikalische Intelligenz dieser Architektur zu erforschen, wurden die solaren Licht‐ und Strahlungseinträge sowie die vorherrschenden Luftbewegungsverhältnisse mit Tageslichtanalysen und Luftströmungssimulationen am Beispiel des historischen Stadthauses der Familie Nawar aufgezeigt. Investigations on daylight input and natural ventilation of a typical building in the historic centre of Jeddah. The traditional domestic architecture of the port town Jeddah, located on the Saudi Arabien west coast, is characterized by unique construction features that have not yet been documented on a current scientific level. An interdisciplinary study of experts in architectural history and building research has illustrated interactions between regional historic building forms and climatic site conditions. The typical three to six‐story buildings are made of local coral stone. Apart from this material and certain building geometries, wooden bay‐windows response to the particularly humid and hot climate of Jeddah. To explore the physical construction intelligence of this architecture, the solar light and radiation entries and the prevailing air movement conditions are demonstrated by daylight‐analyses and airflow simulations applied on the example of a historic townhouse, the residence of the Nawar family.

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