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Laser emission at 2.8 μm from an Er3+:LiYF4 sample longitudinally pumped with a multiple stripe laser diode array is observed for the first time. The threshold for pulsed laser emission is 33 μJ and for cw laser emission 147 mW. cw laser action in this normally self-terminating laser transition is attributed to a cooperative up-conversion process.

A miniature scanning fluorescent detector has been developed for plastic microchannel isoelectric focusing (mIEF) analysis. The detector, comprised of a lamp and photomultiplier tube (PMT) on a moving stage, measured the real-time distribution of fluorescently labeled peptides subjected to gel-free mIEF. During the run, the effective length of the 6-cm channel was scanned every 9 s. Analysis was completed within 5 min while still obtaining high resolution and sensitivity. In addition, the scanning detector was used to characterize peptide migration properties within the channel by providing simultaneous temporal and spatial measurements.

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