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1 My reference to coalitions is very narrow. I'm interested only in how members vote together to pass legislation (i.e., voting coalitions). 2 The dominant party is defined as the party that has control of at least two of the three legislative institutions (i.e., the presidency, the Senate, and the House). A party unity vote that favors the dominant party occurs when a majority of the dominant party opposes a majority of the minority party at UCSF LIBRARY & CKM on March 22, 2015 prq.sagepub.com Downloaded from the effects of divided government have been anecdotal rather than systematic.

One of the most important economic trends of the past 30 years has been the escalating levels of within-country income inequality. Much of the developed world is currently experiencing large increases in income inequality. Indeed, income inequality in the United States now exceeds the previous highs of the 1930s. Recent research has found that increases in income inequality can produce a wide variety of societal ills. This article examines the effects of economic inequality on educational outcomes. Drawing on data provided by the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) from 2000 through 2015, we find that a country's level of economic inequality has large, negative effects on its student academic achievement. The effect sizes are largest in math. We examine a variety of potential solutions to lessen within-country economic inequality.

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