Pancreatic cancer is one of the worst prognoses of all malignancies. More than 40,000 deaths a year from this disease are observed in European Union alone. The only possibly curative treatment of pancreatic cancer is surgery, yet only 15-20% of patients have operable disease and even patients, which go through surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, survival is less than 30%. The sensitive and specific biomarkers which could be used for the advance of early diagnostics are needed and constantly researched. Metabolomics is a technology which analyzes the concentrations of low-molecular-weight metabolites (the metabolome) has lately effectively developed due to the improvements in analytical technology. Metabolome analysis can be a one of the useful approaches for the biomarker discovery and disease diagnosis. Here we discuss recent discoveries in the field of pancreatic cancer metabolomics as well as the most promising biomarkers for diagnostics, prognosis and prediction.

Background. Sufficient preoxygenation prevents arterial oxygen desaturation prior to intubation. An optimally sealed facemask is necessary for fast preoxygenation. The study was aimed at comparing the efficiency of preoxygenation using two different face masks. Materials and methods. In 2018, a prospective study was conducted. Patients were classified into two groups: group A – Intersurgical Economy face masks, group B – Intersurgical QuadraLite masks. The circuit was flushed with 100% O2 for 30s, preoxygenation started with flow of 8l/min, FiO2100. The patients were asked to breathe deeply. Fentanyl (1–2 mcg/kg) was administered to increase mask toleration. End-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO2) ≥90% was the goal. EtO2 was monitored after 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 seconds. Data was analyzed using the Independent-Samples T-test and the Mann-Whitney-U test. Results. Twelve patients were enrolled in group A and 19 in group B. Differences in sex, age, BMI and Mallampati class in the groups were statistically insignificant (p = 0.13, 0.39, 0.65, 0.43 respectively). Patients assigned to ASA I – 25.8% (n = 8–>2/6), ASA II – 71.0% (n = 22–>10/12), ASA III – 3.2% (n = 1–>0/1), p = 0.64. The success rate of preoxygenation to EtO290 within 5 min was statistically significantly different in the groups, with 33.3% in group A and 94.7% in group B (p < 0.01). Mean time to EtO290 was 228.3 ± 104.0/164.4 ± 84.3. Mean EtO2 after: 30s – 56.0 ± 13.5/69.3 ± 11.2 (p < 0.01); 60s – 63.8 ± 15.3/76.1 ± 11.7 (p = 0.02), 90s – 67.8 ± 17.7/80.7 ± 10.1 (p = 0.03); 120s– 69.6 ± 18.2/83.4 ± 10.0 (p = 0.03), 150s–71.1 ± 19.0/87.1 ± 6.5 (p = 0.01); 180s – 72.9 ± 16.8/88.5 ± 5.3 (p = 0.01), 210s – 72.6 ± 18.0/89.2 ± 5.1 (p < 0.01); 240s – 74.17 ± 15.4/90.0 ± 4.3 (p < 0.01), 270s-76.3 ± 16.3/90.2 ± 3.6; 300s – 77.8 ± 14.6/90.2 ± 1.5 (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Preoxygenation was significantly more efficient and faster with Intersurgical QuadraLite face masks.

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Background: Sufficient preoxygenation prevents arterial oxygen desaturation prior to intubation. An optimally sealed facemask is necessary for fast preoxygenation.Aim: to compare the efficiency of preoxygenation using two different facemasks. Materials and methods:In 2018 a prospective study was conducted. Patients were classified into groups: Group A -Intersurgical Economy facemasks, Group B -Intersurgical QuadraLite masks. The circuit was flushed with 100% O 2 for 30s, preoxygenation started with flow of 8l/min, FiO 2 100. Patients were asked to breathe deeply. Fentanyl (1-2 mcg/kg) was administered to increase mask toleration. End-tidal oxygen concentration (EtO 2 ) ≥ 90% was the goal. EtO 2 was monitored after 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 seconds. Data analyzed using Independent-Samples T-test, Mann-Whitney-U test. Results: 12 patients were enrolled in group A and 19 in group B. Differences in gender, age, BMI and Mallampati class in the groups were statistically insignificant (p=0.13, 0.39, 0.65, 0.43 respectively). Patients assigned to ASA I -25.8% (n=8->2/6), ASA II -71.0 % (n=22->10/12), ASA III-3.2% (n=1->0/1), p=0.64. The success rate of preoxygenation to EtO 2 90 within 5 min was statistically significantly different in the groups with 33.3% in group A and 94.7% in group B (p<0.01). Mean time to EtO 2 90 was 228.3 ± 104.0/164.4 ± 84.3. Mean EtO 2 after