The Aim: To evaluate risk factors for dysmenorrhea in women of reproductive age and to review its characteristics. Material and Methods: A questionnaire was conducted among 354 women followed by a statistical analysis of the gathered data. Results: Among the interviewed women 84.2 % suffer from painful menstruations. Women under 25 years of age are more likely to experience pain, which reduces with age. Dysmenorrhea is more common among women whose menstrual cycles are irregular (92.5%) with a number of bleeding days 4–7 (90.7 %), though still occurring within the normal 21–35 days interval (87.6 %). Nulliparous women are more likely to experience menstrual pain (89.9 %). Conclusion: Dysmenorrhea depends on women’s age, length of menstrual bleeding, length of menstrual cycle and its regularity, age at menarche and parity, but does not depend on body mass index and smoking status.