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The annealing treatment methods and mechanisms for refining deformed mixed and coarse grains in a solution treatment nickel‐based superalloy are investigated. The single‐stage annealing tests are done first, and it is found that the mixed and coarse grains are hardly refined to about 10 μm by a direct annealing at 980 °C due to lack of δ phase. Then, two‐stage annealing tests, in which the deformed sample is first heated to 900 °C for 12 h for precipitating some δ phases and then reheated to 980 °C for a recrystallization annealing treatment (RT), are designed. It is found that the recrystallization is still not complete although a long‐time RT is done. The main reason is that the distances between adjacent δ phases precipitating during direct aging are so small that the recrystallization nuclei are hard to form. So, three‐stage annealing tests, including a pre‐recrystallization annealing treatment (PRT) at 980 °C, an aging annealing treatment (AT) at 900 °C, and an RT at 980 °C, are designed. It is found that the PRT has a favorable influence on the refinement of mixed and coarse grains during the subsequent AT and RT. The mixed and coarse grains can be refined after the three‐stage annealing treatment of 980 °C × 3 min/WQ + 900 °C × 12 h/WQ + 980 °C × 120 min/WQ.

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