Here, we present the complete genomic sequence of the Chinese standard challenge strain (CSC) of duck enteritis virus (DEV), which was isolated in China in 1962. The DEV CSC genome is 162,131 bp long and contains 78 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Comparison of the genomic sequences of DEV CSC and DEV live vaccine strain K at passage 63 (DEV K p63) revealed that the DEV CSC genome is 4,040 bp longer than the DEV K p63 genome, mainly because of 3,513-bp and 528-bp insertions at the 5' and 3' ends of the unique long segment, respectively. At the nucleotide level, 63 of the 76 ORFs in the DEV CSC genome were 100 % identical to the ORFs in the DEV K p63 genome. Two ORFs (UL56 and US10) had frameshift mutations in the C-terminal regions, while LORF5 was unique to the DEV K p63 genome. It is difficult to assign attenuated virulence to changes in specific genes. However, the complete DEV CSC genome will further advance our understanding of the genes involved in virulence and evolution. The DEV CSC genome sequence has been deposited in GenBank under accession number JQ673560.

No abstract

Rare earth (RE)/tourmaline composite materials prepared by the precipitation method are added to the ceramic raw materials at a certain percentage and sintered into RE functional ceramics with high far infrared emission features. Then the far infrared functional ceramics are used to interact with water. The influence of the ceramics on the physical parameters of water is investigated, and the effect of the activated water on the growth of Bel-7402 hepatoma cells cultured in vitro is further studied. The results indicate that, compared with the raw water, the water activated by the ceramics can inhibit the proliferation of hepatoma cells, with statistical probability P < 0.01, which means that the effect is significant. It can be explained that the water activated by the ceramics has a higher concentration of H+, which decreases the potential difference across the cell membrane to release the apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). After entering the cells, the activated water stimulates the mitochondria to produce immune substances that lead tumor cells to apoptosis.

No abstract

No abstract