Objective To compare administration of incidence reporting systems for healthcare risk management in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Taiwan, and to provide evidence and recommendations for healthcare risk management policy in China. Methods We searched the official websites of the healthcare risk management agencies of the four countries and one district for laws, regulatory documents, research reports, reviews, and evaluation forms concerned with healthcare risk management and assessment. Descriptive comparative analysis was performed on relevant documents. Results (1) A total of 142 documents were included in this study. The United States had the most relevant documents (68). (2) The type of incidents from reporting systems has expanded from medication errors and hospital-acquired infections to near-misses, and now includes all patient safety incidents. (3) The incidence-reporting systems can be grouped into two models: government-led and legal/regulatory/NGO-collaborative. (4) In two cases, reporting systems were established for specific incident types: One for death or serious injury events (the sentinel events database in Britain, SIRL), and one for healthcare-associated infections (NHSN in America). (5) Compared to the four countries, Taiwan's system put more emphasis on public welfare, confidentiality, and information sharing. The contents of reporting there covered every aspect of risk management to create a more secure environment. Conclusion (1) Britain's national reporting and learning system was representative of a government-led model; (2) The United States was the earliest country to have a reporting system, which included a limited range of incident types. Management of incidents became more reliable with increased application of laws, regulations, and guidances; (3) Both the Canadian and the Australian systems drew from the American experience and are still developing; (4) The Taiwanese system was comprehensive and is an instructional case. This is the second article in a series of comparative analyses of healthcare risk management. These articles focus on the concepts, policies and regulations, institutional management, incidence reporting systems, and tools of risk assessment and performance evaluation of healthcare risk management, as well as early warning systems, in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Australia, and Taiwan. The purpose of this series is to provide evidence and policy recommendations on International comparative analyses of incidents reporting systems national healthcare risk management for health policy decision makers. In this article, we report on management mechanisms of incident reporting systems for healthcare risk management. MethodsSee article one in this series for search methods, inclusion criteria, quality assessment, data selection extraction, and analysis (1). In keeping with the aims of the study and the principles of non-classical systematic review, we mainly searched official websites. We used a simple classific...

The four countries and one district adopted four levels of patient safety management, and the administration modes can be divided into an "NGO-led mode" represented by the United States and Canada and a "government-led mode" represented by the United Kingdom, Australia, and Taiwan.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic health condition. MicroRNAs (miRs) are critical in chondrocyte apoptosis in OA. We aimed to investigate the mechanism of miR-130b in OA progression. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and chondrocytes were first extracted. Chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs was carried out and verified. Chondrocytes were stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1b to imitate OA condition in vitro. The effect of miR-130b on the viability, inflammation, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix of OA chondrocytes was studied. The target gene of miR-130b was predicted and verified. Rescue experiments were performed to further study the underlying downstream mechanism of miR-130b in OA. miR-130b first increased and drastically reduced during chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and in OA chondrocytes, respectively, while IL-1b stimulation resulted in increased miR-130b expression in chondrocytes. miR-130b inhibitor promoted chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte growth and inhibited the levels of inflammatory factors. miR-130b targeted SOX9. Overexpression of SOX9 facilitated BMSC chondrogenic differentiation and chondrocyte growth, while siRNA-SOX9 contributed to the opposite trends. Silencing of SOX9 significantly attenuated the pro-chondrogenic effects of miR-130b inhibitor on BMSCs. Overall, miR-130b inhibitor induced chondrogenic differentiation of BMSCs and chondrocyte growth by targeting SOX9.

Based on the basic mechanism and bionics principle that texture affects the dynamic pressure effect of lubricating medium, a V-shaped texture that converges along the sliding direction is designed. Through numerical simulation, the optimal geometric parameters and distribution of the V-shaped and textures are obtained. A textured surface with various texture features is prepared using a nanosecond ultraviolet laser with bearing steel as substrate. Tribological experiments with friction and wear tester are performed to investigate the effect of characteristic parameters and distribution of surface texture on the lubrication performance and the lubrication properties are compared and analyzed with that of circular texture. Hence, this investigation provides a research direction to improve the lubrication performance between frictional pairs under fluid lubrication condition to reduce the frictional wear of mechanical systems. The results show that under the conditions of optimal parameters, due to the effect of convergence and extrusion on the flow of lubrication medium, the V-shape texture is better than the circular texture in improving the lubrication performance. The optimal characteristic parameters of V-shape texture are: 60° for the angle between the two wings, 0.53 for shape parameter, 25.9% for area ratio, 13 μm depth, 60% texture area coverage ratio, and the inlet of flow field of the texture distribution position.

The health education of HIV among the road construction workers is effective and further health education of HIV prevention should be carried out among the road construction workers to improve their knowledge and awareness of avoiding the high-risk behaviors.