PTEN-induced putative kinase protein 1 (PINK1) is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that phosphorylates mitochondrial proteins and is involved in mitophagy. Thus, PINK1 may protect cancer cells against mitochondrial dysfunction during cellular stress. However, the role of PINK1 in lung cancer was rarely explored. In this study, we immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of PINK1 in 256 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, consisting of 137 patients with adenocarcinoma (AC) and 119 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). In particular, we focused on the difference in diagnostic or prognostic value of PINK1 expression between AC patients and SCC patients. The patients with AC or SCC were divided into high or low PINK1 expression group, according to the immunohistochemical score that was based on the percentage of PINK1 positive cells and staining intensity. Among the 137 AC specimens, 52 specimens (37.96%) were judged as high PINK1 expression, and likewise, among 119 SCC specimens, 42 specimens (35.29%) were judged as high PINK1 expression. Importantly, high PINK1 expression was significantly associated with postoperative chemoresistance of AC, but not in case of SCC. Moreover, high PINK1 expression was identified as a poor prognostic factor for AC, but not for SCC. These results may reflect the biological difference between AC and SCC. In conclusion, high PINK1 expression is correlated with poor response to chemotherapy and is an independent prognostic factor for AC, but not for SCC. Our findings suggest that PINK1 detection could help stratify patients who may have poor response to chemotherapy and guide the individual treatment.

Background Serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have been used as novel biomarkers for various diseases, including acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study aimed to investigate the expression and clinical significance of microRNA-361-5p (miR-361-5p) in patients with ACS. Methods This study included 118 ACS patients, 78 patients with stable coronary heart disease (SCHD) and 66 healthy controls. MiR-361-5p expression was measured by qRT-PCR. The diagnostic value of miR-361-5p was evaluated by the ROC analysis. A 30-day follow-up was performed for the patients from hospitalization, and Kaplan–Meier curves and logistics analysis were used to evaluate the ability of miR-361-5p to predict the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE). ELISA kits were used to detect the levels of endothelial dysfunction (ED) markers, including vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin. Results The expression of miR-361-5p was significantly increased in patients with SCHD and ACS, and positively correlated with Gensini scores. Serum miR-361-5p expression had a high diagnostic accuracy for distinguishing ACS from health controls and SCHD patients. ACS patients with high expression of miR-361-5p had a higher probability of developing MACE. MiR-361-5p expression was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of MACE in ACS patients, and was positively correlated with the levels of VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and E-selectin. Conclusion All data indicated that miR-361-5p expression was significantly increased in ACS patients. Aberrant miR-361-5p expression in ACS might be a candidate biomarker for ACS diagnosis and the the prediction of MACE onset.

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The air-to-ground missile with strapdown seeker may have the problems, including small field of view(FOV), limited overload, and fall angle constraint. To solve the above mentioned problem, a phased guidance scheme is proposed. In this scheme, the attack trajectory is divided into the following six stages, including glided stage, fall angle constraint stage, target acquisition and adjustment stage, terminal guidance stage and blind zone stage. The glided stage is designed to increase range, the terminal fall angle is attained ahead of time at fall angle constraint stage. The aim of target acquisition and adjustment stage is to adjust the missile attitude, so that the target will fall within the FOV of the seeker. It creates good condition to capture the target for strapdown seeker. In the terminal stage, the guidance law of proportional navigation and attitude track are used to fit the needs of FOV constraint and attack accuracy. The simulation result shows that the project trajectory can solve the application of attacking moving targets for air-to-ground missile with strapdown seeker under multi constraints.