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Deformation monitoring and dynamic characteristic analysis of bridge structures are the vital and basic requirements for the safe operation of bridges. In recent years, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has become increasingly widely used in bridge structural health monitoring with the development of the GNSS technology, especially the continuous improvement and development of China's Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS). This article summarises the application process of GNSS dynamic deformation monitoring and the development of GNSS deformation measurement technology of bridge structural health monitoring, the dynamic characteristic identification method and its application in bridge GNSS monitoring. The positioning solution methods for GNSS monitoring, the high sampling rate GNSS receiver for monitoring, multi-frequency and multi-system GNSS monitoring and the weakening of multipath effect of GNSS monitoring are summarised in detail. Then, the conclusions and prospects are posed for future research and related application.