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This study investigates the montmorillonite (MMT) content, rotational viscosity, and colloidal index of sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as a function of the sodium agent dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring time. Na-MMT was modified using different octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) dosages under optimal sodification conditions. The organically modified MMT products were characterized via infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the Na-MMT with good properties (i.e., the maximum rotational viscosity and highest Na-MMT content with no decrease in the colloid index) was obtained at a 2.8% sodium carbonate dosage (measured based on the MMT mass), a temperature of 25 °C, and a reaction time of two hours. Upon organic modification of the optimized Na-MMT, OTAC entered the NA-MMT interlayer, and the contact angle was increased from 20.0° to 61.4°, the layer spacing was increased from 1.58 to 2.47 nm, and the thermal stability was conspicuously increased. Thus, MMT and Na-MMT were modified by the OTAC modifier.

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