Global water shortage is one of the rising problems that, nowadays and worldwide, Countries and governments have to face. People from many countries have to deal with scarcity of water supply and aquifer pollution that could jeopardize their health and agriculture. Desalination process could be one of the most promising method to hinder such phenomenon. During this work we analyzed different desalination processes and the state of art of the technology. In this paper we carried on a deep evaluation of the state of art of desalination processes. Obviously all these methods need a driving force in terms of energy. With the aim of a more environmental friendly scenario, nuclear energy has been chosen as energy source for different desalination processes, implementing the so called nuclear desalination. Moreover a nuclear scenario analysis has been studied for the UAE (United Arab Emirates), one of the countries that have to deal with water shortage and that presents today an ambitious nuclear program.