Artículo de publicación ISIThe increasing interest in integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into microgrids presents major challenges from the viewpoints of reliable operation and control. In this paper, the major issues and challenges in microgrid control are discussed, and a review of state-of-the-art control strategies and trends is presented; a general overview of the main control principles (e.g., droop control, model predictive control, multi-agent systems) is also included. The paper classifies microgrid control strategies into three levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary, where primary and secondary levels are associated with the operation of the microgrid itself, and tertiary level pertains to the coordinated operation of the microgrid and the host grid. Each control level is discussed in detail in view of the relevant existing technical literature

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract

In this paper, two methods for generating the daily load profile and forecasting in isolated small communities are proposed. In these communities, the energy supply is difficult to predict because it is not always available, is limited according to some schedules and is highly dependent on the consumption behavior of each community member. The first method is proposed to be used before the implementation of the microgrid in the design state, and it includes a household classifier based on a Self Organizing Map (SOM) that provides load patterns by the use of the socio-economic characteristics of the community obtained in a survey. The second method is used after the implementation of the microgrid, in the operation state, and consists of a neural network with on-line learning for the load forecasting. The neural network model is trained with real-data of load and it is designed to stay adapted according to the availability of measured data. Both proposals are tested in a reallife microgrid located in Huatacondo, in northern Chile (project ESUSCON). The results show that the estimated daily load profile of the community can be very well approximated with the SOM classifier. On the other hand, the neural network can forecast the load of the community reasonably well two-days ahead. Both proposals are currently being used in a key module of the energy management system (EMS) in the real microgrid to optimize the real uninterrupted load for 24-hour energy supply service.Index Terms-Self-organizing Map (SOM), neural networks, load forecasting, Energy Management System (EMS), microgrid.