Aims: To compare the intra-abdominal fat thickness measured by ultrasound between HIV-infected patients treated or not with antiretroviral drugs and to correlate these visceral adiposity measurements to other parameters of cardiovascular risks. Methods: In a transversal observational study, 160 HIV-infected patients were recruited and divided in two groups, i.e., 123 antiretroviral (ARV)-treated and 37 ARV-naïve patients. These patients were submitted to anthropometric determinations, laboratorial analysis, ultrasonographic measurements of subcutaneous and intra- abdominal fat thickness and to tetrapolar bioelectrical impedance analysis in order to measure the body composition. Results: In the patients treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) the intra-abdominal fat pad was significantly thicker than that of the untreated group (69 ± 21 mm, n = 123 vs. 60 ± 18 mm, n = 37; p = 0.03 Student’s t test). The intra-abdominal fat thickness correlated significantly with plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, glucose measurements 2 h after dextrose load, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR index, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, weight, BMI, WHR and caliper-measured total fat percentage. Conclusion: The results showed that antiretroviral therapy is associated with increased ultrasonographic measurements of visceral adiposity. Our data demonstrated a strong correlation between intra-abdominal fat thickness and independent risk factors of cardiovascular disease: atherogenic lipid profile and insulin resistance.

Introduction: Iodine is a human body essential element, which exists in various chemical forms, of which iodide, iodine, and elemental iodine are outstanding, existing in constant amounts in saltwater. Methods: It was an observational cross-sectional study, where 37 pregnant women attended under low-risk and high-risk prenatal care were studied from October 2016 to July 2018, attended by the Obstetrics Service of the Barbacena Medicine College and a private clinic in the city of Juiz de Fora. Exclusion criteria were incomplete records and refusal to participate in the study or urine inadequate collection. Results: We studied 37 patients with an average of 1.5 ± 0.84 gestations, 0.45 ± 0.62 births and 0.15 ± 0.84 abortions. The mean age of the patients was 32.1 ± 7.2 years. Due to the consumption of salt, milk, and fish, there was an association between urinary iodine significant (p < 0,05). Conclusion: It should be noted that the present study concluded that it is important to take into account the eating habits of these patients.

This paper reviews the clinical findings, pituitary gonadotrophin reserve, plasma estradiol and androgens, radiological findings and pelvic ultrasound appearance in 17 girls with true precocious puberty (PP), and attempts to asses the value of these tests diagnosis in the clinical management of such patients and better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disorder. As noted in other series, acceleration of growth is one of the earliest features of PP and at the time of diagnosis bone age can be already significantly advanced. In 3 (18%) patients intracranial abnormalities were present. Ultrasound examination showed changes similar to those seen during normal puberty. To conclude, the introduction of hight-resolution methods (CT scan and RM) and techniques for ultrasound examination have greatly simplefied the clinical investigation of female precocious puberty.J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(1):36-40: female precocious puberty, clinical features, hormone levels, radiological findings, ultrasound examination. ResumoEste estudo tem como finalidade rever as principais características clínicas, a reserva de gonatropinas hipofisárias, os níveis de estradiol e androgênios, os achados radiológicos e ultrasonográficos em meninas com puberdade precoce verdadeira para determinar o valor desses métodos diagnósticos no manejo clínico de tais pacientes e melhor compreender a patogênese dessa desordem. Como observado em outras séries, a aceleração do crescimento é uma das primeiras características da PPV e a idade óssea já pode estar significativamente avançada no diagnóstico. Em três pacientes (18%) foi evidenciada presença de lesão intracraniana. A USG pélvica mostrou mudanças similares àquelas vistas na puberdade normal. Concluímos que a introdução de métodos de imagem de alta resolução (TC e RM de crânio) e da USG pélvica simplificou a investigação clínica da PPV em meninas. J. pediatr. (Rio J.). 1995; 71(1):36-40:puberdade precoce em meninas, características clínicas, níveis hormonais, achados radiológicos, ultra-sonografia pélvica.A precocidade sexual é difinida como o desenvolvimento de um ou mais caracteres sexuais secundários antes da idade de oito anos, em meninas. 1,2,3,4,5 Porém, alguns autores definem como patológica a presença dos caracteres sexuais secundários antes de seis anos e da menarca antes de oito anos, e chamam de puberdade prematura quando o desenvolvimento sexual ocorrer entre seis e oito anos ou a menarca, entre os oito e dez anos de idade. 6 Quando a precocidade sexual ocorre devido à maturação do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-gonadal, a síndrome é descrita como Puberdade Precoce Verdadeira (PPV), Central ou Completa. Quando a secreção de gonadotropinas e/ou secreção de hormônios sexuais ocorre independentemente do controle hipotalâmico-hipofisário chamamos de Pseudopuberdade Precoce ou Puberdade Precoce Periférica ou Incompleta. Manifestações isoladas do desenvolvimento sexual são denominadas de Variantes do Desenvolvimento Puberal: Telarca, Pubarca e Menarca Precoces. 1,3,4,5 As principais...