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ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and tissue inhibitor of metallopropteinase-1 (TIMP-1) in the renal allografts of patients with chronic active antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), and to explore their role in the pathogenesis of AMR.MethodsImmunohistochemistry assay and computer-assisted image analysis were used to detect the expression of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 in the renal allografts with interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IF/TA) in 46 transplant recipients and 15 normal renal tissue specimens as the controls. The association of the expression level of either MMP-2 or TIMP-1 with the pathological grade of IF/TA in AMR was analyzed.ResultsThe expression of either MMP-2 or TIMP-1 was significantly increased in the renal allografts of the recipients as compared with the normal renal tissue (P < 0.05). MMP-2 expression tended to decrease, while TIMP-1 and serum creatinine increased along with the increase of pathological grade of IF/TA (P < 0.05). In IF/TA groups, the expression of TIMP-1 was positively correlated to serum creatinine level (r = 0.718, P < 0.05).ConclusionsIt is suggested by the results that abnormal expressions of MMP-2 and TIMP-1 might play roles in the development of renal fibrosis in chronic AMR.Virtual SlidesThe virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1128474926172838

In clinical practice, it is difficult to monitor the repeating relapse in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who usually associated with some potential complications, for example, lupus nephritis (LN), repetition renal biopsy is necessary to determine LN flares. To identify and quantify the total proteins in renal tissue of LN patients, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology was performed. Eight-plex iTRAQ coupled with multiple chromatographic fractionation and tandem mass spectrometry were used to analyze total proteins in renal tissue of LN patients and healthy controls. Proteins were identified by mascot, which expressed differentially were noted. A total of 490 distinct proteins were identified, 113 proteins were up-regulation or down-regulation at one fold or more alteration in levels. Among of them, there was significant deviation of four proteins between our present iTRAQ study, which are up-regulated heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP-), Annexins and down-regulated Argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), aldolase. iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic technology is efficiently applicable for identification and relative quantitation of proteome of renal tissue. Differentially expressed proteome profiles of LN patients are determined. And further investigation is necessary using large cohorts of patient samples with long-term clinical follow-up data, to assess the usefulness of the pathogenesis and novel biomarker candidates of LN, which may develop a new way for diagnosis of LN.

In renal allograft tissue with CRAD, the up-regulated expressions of RANTES and MCP-1 may be related to the progression of chronic renal allograft dysfunction and allograft fibrosis.

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