The article deals with the medical care of children during World War II through the system of hospital and non-hospital care in Karaganda region. The struggle against epidemiological diseases has become one of the primary tasks of the doctors. Prevention of such diseases as measles, diphtheria, dysentery, whooping cough, etc. was carried out by vaccination, revaccination, strengthening of infant nutrition and other measures. Gastrointestinal diseases were also among the causes of infant mortality. The fight against gastrointestinal diseases was also an urgent task of the health authorities during the war years. Nurseries were a necessary measure of assistance to working women during the war. The nurseries were under the jurisdiction of the People's Commissariat of Health. The authorities carefully monitored the health of Soviet children, and prevented the mass spread of infectious and gastrointestinal infections among children of Karaganda region.

The article presents an analysis of the condition of children's healthcare in Molotov city during the Second World War. The authors pay attention to the significant difficulties in protecting the children's health (under one year old): a significant rise in the incidence of childhood infections, malnutrition, incomplete vaccination of children, and a weak level of preventive work. It is emphasized that among nursery and unorganized children respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases were mainly common during the war years: measles, scarlet fever, whooping cough, diphtheria. It is concluded that shortage of qualified medical staff, untimely and partial vaccinations, errors in diagnosis and other reasons have led to an increase in morbidity and mortality among children. In addition, the high incidence of infections with high mortality among children was also associated with the weak and unsatisfactory work of children's consultations on the early detection of diseases which hindered timely treatment.

The article discusses issues related to children's health care in the Kazakh SSR during World War II. Based on archival data the authors of the article concluded that the increase in child mortality in the early years of the war was due to the high incidence of infectious diseases such as whooping cough, diphtheria, dysentery, pneumonia, scarlet fever, measles, and others. The reasons were the shortage of the necessary number of medical institutions, their insufficient equipment and absence of qualified medical staff, untimely detection of diseases and late hospitalization, lack of quarantine boxes and certain percentage of unvaccinated children. Among other reasons there are low living standards of the population, poor sanitary conditions in some children's institutions, and nutritional problems of children. All this led to increased morbidity and mortality of children in the early period of the war.