Bioassay-guided fractionation of the hexane/ethyl acetate/water (H/EtOAc/H2O) crude extract of the aerial parts of Haplophyllum sieversii was performed because of preliminary screening data that indicated the presence of growth inhibitory components against Colletotrichum fragariae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum acutatum. Fractionation was directed using bioautographical methods resulting in the isolation of the bioactive alkaloids flindersine, anhydroevoxine, haplamine, and a lignan eudesmin. These four compounds were evaluated for activity against C. fragariae, C. gloeosporioides, C. acutatum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Phomopsis obscurans in a dose-response growth-inhibitory bioassay at 50.0, 100.0, and 150.0 microM. Of the four compounds tested, flindersine demonstrated the highest level of antifungal activity. Additionally, flindersine, eudesmin, and haplamine were screened against the freshwater phytoplanktons Oscillatoria perornata, Oscillatoria agardhii, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Pseudanabaena sp. (strain LW397). Haplamine demonstrated selective inhibition against the odor-producing cyanobacterium O. perornata compared to the activity against the green alga S. capricornutum, with lowest observed effect concentration values of 1.0 and 10.0 microM, respectively.

A check-list of endemic vascular plants of the Tian-Shan Mountains, including plant distribution along mountain ranges and in Central Asian countries, has been compiled for the first time in this study. The list of Tian-Shan flora consists of 871 endemic species and subspecies. One subspecies belongs to Pinaceae (Pinopsida) and 870 taxa belong to Magnoliidae (dicots, 732 taxa, and monocots, 138 taxa). The endemic flora belongs to 39 families and 187 genera. The largest number of endemics is concentrated in the mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan (225 national endemics, 507 taxa in total) and Kazakhstan (205 national endemics, 485 taxa in total). Uzbekistan occupies the third position (69 national endemics, 320 taxa in total). Tajikistan has fewer endemics: 82 taxa, of which only 16 taxa are national endemics. The most represented families and genera are: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, and Amaryllidaceae; and Astragalus, Allium, Cousinia, Oxytropis, and Gagea, respectively.

The chemical composition of the essential oil of the aerial part of Nepeta pannonica L. from Kazakhstan was investigated by GC and GC/MS. Sixty components were characterized from N. pannonica with 1,8-cineole (28.9%), and 4aα,7β,7aα-nepetalactone (14.3%) as the major constituents. The oil of N. pannonica was more phytotoxic to bentgrass compared to lettuce seeds, with 100% growth inhibition observed at 0.3, and 1.0 mg/mL, respectively.

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