Years of industrialization and reliance on energies such as oil and coal have resulted in global pollution on an unprecedented scale. Carbon footprint, destruction of forests, melting away of ice caps in the North Pole, and climate change have persuaded many to adopt a more sustainable growth. In the wake of this catastrophe, “green” energy is a phenomenon that takes a step toward sustained development. Green energy consists of innovative and cost-effective ways to address the global consciousness by switching to renewable energy, water resources management, waste reduction, etc. Green Fiscal Policy aims to align prices and mobilize resources for climate change and sustainable development. Many developed and developing countries like Kazakhstan are taking the initiative towards zero carbon emission and renewable energy. The challenges of implementing the required policies include overcoming the barriers of the status quo to establish a new Geo-political and economic system in Kazakhstan. Political and economic challenges persist despite its vision for 2050 that Green Economy influences. This report focuses on Kazakhstan's natural resources, topography, and renewable energy enterprises. The Green Fiscal Policy is closely examined over Kazakhstan's current investment efficiency scenario.

NEET (not in employment, education, or training) unemployment is one of the newer, most relevant, and least studied modern features of the youth labor market, making it an urgent problem to be solved. The purpose of this study is to identify the barriers to creating productive employment in the youth labor market, with a view to reducing the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan. Our aim is to identify the impact of employment and unemployment parameters in the youth labor market in order to reduce the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan. The article analyzes the indicators of youth participation in the labor force, defines the features of the youth labor market based on segmentation by age, and identifies the dynamics of youth employment, including the type of economic activity. Particular attention is paid to the NEET youth category in Kazakhstan, providing a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of the youth labor market for the period 2001–2021. The portrait of Kazakhstani youth in the category of NEET unemployment was determined based on an analysis of labor market indicators. Our study identifies the barriers to generating productive youth employment, allowing policymakers to reduce the NEET youth segment in Kazakhstan.

This article combines individual data from household surveys in the Latin American countries to obtain a regional income and analyse its distribution and recent changes. It concentrates upon whether distributive changes in the countries over the past decade have improved income distribution between individuals or widened gaps. The region’s indicators of global inequality declined considerably during 1997-2014. This decline in global inequality is explained essentially by the reduction of inequality within Latin American countries, especially in Brazil. The incomes of the inhabitants of Latin America are now more equal in relative terms than a decade ago, although differences in the countries’ average incomes have increased.