In this study, the share of land rent in the fixed costs of wheat production was examined, and the aim of the study was to find land values using cost tables. To this purpose, we showed the effect of these on land values from the difference between field rents and net income. The study covered the district of Polatlı in Ankara province. Data on wheat production in Polatlı in 2017 was collected from six villages and 37 farms by means of a questionnaire. In selecting the farms, the ability to determine the land rent was taken into account as a selection criterion. The farms examined used on average per hectare, 11.9 hours of labor, 7.7 hours of draft power, 354.3 kg of fertilizer, 205.5 kg of seed, and 1.5 liters of agricultural chemicals. The average wheat production cost per hectare was $865.42; the average unit production cost was $0.23, and the production value was reported to be $1012.40/da. In this study, the land rent was of $225.40, and the net income from the land was reported to be $372.42. It was reported an evaluation performed using the taxation tables that land values according to rental incomes were $4508.80/ha, and $7448.40 when the land was worked by the landowner. Land rent constituted 26.05% of total production costs, and were equivalent to 22.26% of production value. When crop prices increased by 1%, income from the land increased by 4.49%.

This study was conducted to identify awareness levels of agricultural faculty students regarding traditional food and geographical indications. Methods and Results:The study was carried out with 156 undergraduate students from Faculty of Agriculture at Hatay Mustafa Kemal University. The prominent foods which were specified as traditional food by the students were; künefe (21.79%), various cheese types (19.23%), yoghurt (19.23%), içli köfte (17.31%), kebab (14.74%), tarhana (14.10%) and lahmacun (12.18%). Students stated that they mostly prefer traditional foods when they eat outside, and some of them (25.64%) stated that is because of traditional foods are being affordable. 66.00% of the students stated that they heard about geographical indications and 69.9% of these students (72 persons) stated that they knew some products with geographical indications. Künefe was the most known food among the traditional foods, however, only 11.54% of the students were aware of the fact that Antakya Künefesi is a food with geographical indication. Antakya Künefesi was followed by Adana Kebabı (5.13%), Antep Baklavası (4.49%) and Antakya Sürk Cheese (3.21%). Among the products with geographical indication of Hatay; Antakya Tuzlu Yoğurdu and Hatay Defne Sabunu were only recognized by 3 students (1.92%) and 1 student respectively. Conclusions: Turkey has a great potential in terms of its cultural and geographical diversity, and traditional food. However, only a limited portion of this potential is recognized by people. Agricultural Engineers have a significant role to reveal this potential and to make it economically valuable. Significance and Impact of the Study:This study is significant as it reveals the awareness of the Agricultural Engineers about traditional foods who will directly work with producers and provide a basis for the studies to be carried out in the future.

Market value and the capitalization of incomes are two important methods in the valuation of agricultural land. The capitalization of incomes method is expressed as the reduction of the incomes to be obtained in the future to the moment of valuation, and takes the net income obtained from the land as a base. However, in order to apply this method, it is necessary to know the rates of capitalization, which are calculated according to region, quality of land and type of management based on market values. Capitalization rates can change over time in connection with a change in market conditions, but as it is not very likely for this change to happen over a short time, it can be used for many years. Particularly in areas where the market for land is static and there is little true buying and selling, it is always possible to make valuations by the net income method when capitalization rates are known. This is seen as the most suitable method when there is little buying and selling, with heterogeneous real estate such as land, and when there are no free market conditions. The market price method can be used in places where land prices are mobile and buying and selling is taking place in a real sense. However, where there is volatility in the markets and market conditions change quickly, and where the non-agricultural demand for land is increasing and there is inflation, significant differences may appear between market prices and land values found by the income method.

Türkiye’de hayvancılık et ithalatı, yem fiyatlarının yüksekliği ve gelişmiş ülkelere göre daha düşük hayvansal ürünler tüketimi nedeniyle tartışmaların odağında yer almaktadır. Son 2,5 yıldır yaşanan Covid-19 pandemisi ise tarım ve gıda ürünlerinde bağımsızlığın önemini bir kez daha hatırlatmış ve tüm ülkelerin önceliği, tüketimin yurtiçinden sağlanması olmuştur. Bu ise ancak, üretimin sürdürülebilir olmasına bağlıdır ve üretimde ekonomik sürdürülebilirliğin sağlanması da üreticilerin gelirlerinin artması ve ürün maliyetlerinin de tüketicinin bu ürünleri alabileceği düzeyde olmasına bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, hayvancılığın sürdürülebilirliği ekonomik anlamda ele alınmış ve konu makro verilerle incelenmiştir. Buna göre, hayvansal ürünler tüketimi gelişmiş ülkeler düzeyinden düşüktür ve artan girdi maliyetleri sonucu ürün fiyatları da yükselmiştir. Dana eti/besi yemi paritesi 2006-2021 yılları arasında 32,1 den 15,8’e (%49,1), süt/süt yemi paritesi 2,2’den 1,0’a ve yumurta/yumurta yemi paritesi ise aynı yıllarda 6,4’den 2,7’ye düşerek çiftçinin üretimi sürdürebilmesini güçleştirmiştir. Tarımsal istihdam başına düşen gelir de 2016 yılından sonra azalmış ve 2020 yılında pazarlanan hayvansal ürün değerlerine göre günlük gelirin 1,4-4,1$ arasında olduğu ve pazarlanan canlı hayvan değerleriyle bunun yaklaşık 2 katına çıktığı tahmin edilmiştir. Yurtiçi üretimin tamamının tüketilmesi durumunda ise 2008-2019 ortalama verilerine göre hayvansal ürün tüketimi kişi başına 1,33 $’dır.