This multi-centre study aimed to determine the antibiotic consumption in Turkish hospitals by point prevalence. Antibiotic consumption of 14 centres was determined using the DDD method. Among hospitalized patients, 44.8% were using antibiotics and the total antibiotic consumption was 674.5 DDD/1000 patient-days (DPD). 189.6 (28%) DPD of the antibiotic consumption was restricted while 484.9 (72%) DPD was unrestricted. Carbapenems (24%) and beta lactam/beta lactamase inhibitors (ampicillin-sulbactam or amoxicillin-clavulanate; 22%) were the most commonly used restricted and unrestricted antibiotics. Antibiotics were most commonly used in intensive care units (1307.7 DPD). Almost half of the hospitalized patients in our hospitals were using at least one antibiotic. Moreover, among these antibiotics, the most commonly used ones were carbapenems, quinolones and cephalosporins, which are known to cause collateral damage. We think that antibiotic resistance, which is seen at considerably high rates in our hospitals, is associated with this level of consumption.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the commonest sexually transmitted infection, which is associated with various clinical conditions, ranging from asymptomatic infection to malignant disease of the cervix. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and genotypic distribution of HPV in women with cervical erosion and to compare the results with those in women with a clinically normal cervix. A further aim was to establish the association between HPV infection and cervical cytology results in women with and without cervical erosion. Cervical samples were collected by liquid-based method and consecutively evaluated for the presence of HPV DNA and for cervical cytology. HPV DNA was tested by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and typed by reverse dot blot genotyping. Cytological classification was made according to Bethesda 2001 criteria. The overall HPV prevalence was 16.9%; HPV DNA was positive in 20.2% of women with cervical erosion and 12.8% in women with normal cervix (P < 0.05). Multiple infections were found in 34.1% of the HPV-positive women. Commonest types were HPV 18 (32.9%), HPV 16 (29.5%), HPV 54 (20.5%), and HPV 6 (17%). Cervical cytology results were abnormal for 5.2% of women with cervical erosion and for 1.3% with clinically normal cervix (P < 0.05). This study detected a high prevalence of HPV infection in women with cervical erosion compared to women with a normal cervix. This data may contribute to the HPV epidemiology in the southeastern Turkey. It is recommended that women with cervical erosion should be given priority in HPV screening programs.

BackgroundIn terms of pediatric healthcare-associated infections (HAI), neonatal intensive care units (NICU) constitute the greatest risk. Contacting a health care personnel, either directly or indirectly, elevates NICU occurrence rate and risks other infants in the same unit. In this study, it is aimed to retrospectively analyze the effect of the training along with camera monitoring and feedback (CMAF) to control the infection following a small outbreak.MethodsESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae was detected on three infants in May 2014 at the isolation room of Sakarya University Hospital NICU. Precautions were taken to prevent further spread of the infection. The infected infants were isolated and the decolonization process was initiated. For this aspect, health care workers (HCWs) in NICU were trained for infection control measures. An infection control committee has monitored the HCWs. Before monitoring, an approval was obtained from the hospital management and HCWs were informed about the CMAF, who were then periodically updated. On a weekly basis, NICU workers were provided with the feedbacks. Epidemic period and post-epidemic control period (June–July–August 2014) were evaluated and p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.ResultsHealthcare-associated infection (HAI) density was 9.59% before the onset of the CMAF, whereas it was detected as 2.24% during the CMAF period (p < 0.05). Following the precautions, HAI and HAI density rates have reduced to 76.6% and 74.85%, respectively. Moreover, hand hygiene compliance of health care workers was found 49.0% before the outbreak, whereas this rate has elevated to 62.7% after CMAF.ConclusionsHealthcare workers should be monitored in order to increase their compliance for infection control measures. Here, we emphasized that that CMAF of health workers may contribute reducing the HAI rate in the NICU.

No abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, COVID-19 küresel salgınının ilk döneminde bireylerin yeni koronavirüs (SARS CoV-2)/COVID-19 hastalığı hakkındaki bilgi ve COVID-19 korku düzeylerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma, 1 Haziran-1 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında Sakarya ilinde araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden bireylerde google form aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Sakarya’da yaşayan, sosyal medya ve interneti aktif kullanan ve araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 1108 birey oluşturmuştur. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan bireylerin 789’u kadın ve katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 32,75±10,33 (18,00-75,00) yıldı. COVID-19 pandemi döneminde katılımcıların %61,9’u sigara ve %59,7’si alkol tüketim miktarında değişiklik olmadığını bildirirken; %43,0’ü sosyal medyada %45,2’si ise televizyon ve bilgisayarda her zamankinden fazla zaman geçirdiğini bildirmiştir. Bireylerin %65,1’inde mutfak alışverişinde artma, %50,8’inde yemek yeme miktarında artma ve %41,6’sında kilo alımı, %68,4’ünün fiziksel aktivitelerinde azalma, %30,6’sının uyku süresinde artma ve %26,4’ünde ise uyku süresinde azalma ve %76,4’ünde temizlik alışkanlıklarında artma belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin Haziran 2020 itibari ile %1,5’i (n:17) COVID-19 tanısı almış, %16,8’inin ise çevresinde COVID-19 nedeniyle ölenler vardır. COVID-19 hastalığı ile ilgili bilgi edinme kaynaklarının başında internet (%68), TV (%61,2) ve sosyal medya (%58,7) gelmekteydi. Bireylerin %86,3’ü karantina kurallara uyduğunu, %12,7’i ise kurallara kısmen uyduğunu bildirmiştir. Katılımcıların COVID-19 korkusu ölçeği puan ortalaması 18,52±6,13 (7,00-35,00) olarak bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Küresel salgın döneminde kısıtlama önlemleri nedeniyle evde kalan bireylerin sağlıklı yaşam alışkanlıklarını kalıcı olarak geliştirmeleri ve psikolojik olarak kaygıyla baş etme yöntemlerini artırmaya yönelik stratejiler geliştirmeleri gerektiği düşünülmektedir.