No abstract

Abstract. The present study was designed to investigate the influences of aerobic training on the body composition, aerobic power and food intake of sedentary young females in relation to the initial levels of these variables. Thirty one untrained college females (age=19.8 ± 0.2 yr, stature=154.4 ± 0.8 cm, body mass=53.3 ± 1.2 kg, mean ± SEM) participated in an exercise regimen consisting • of 40% of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 30 minutes per day on a bicycle ergometer 5 times a week in a training period of 12 weeks. Food consumption was ad libitum but the content of daily food intake was recorded accurately throughout the whole training period and analyzed weekly. The average body mass index (BMI) and fat mass relative to body mass (%FM), estimated from the data of skinfold thickness, decreased significantly after the 12 wk training. There were significant negative correlations between the relative changes (%∆s) and initial levels of both body mass (r= 0.447, p<0.05) and fat mass (r= 0.638, p<0.05), but the corresponding correlation for lean body mass (LBM) was not significant (r=0.186, p>0.05). While the energy intake during the training period did not differ significantly from that during the control period on the average, the %∆ value in energy intake between the two periods was negatively correlated to the energy intake during the control period (r= 0.604, p<0.05). In addition, there were low but significant negative correlations between both the initial levels of BMI and %FM and %∆ in energy intake; r= 0.413 (p<0.05) for BMI and r= 0.393 (p<0.05) for %FM. However, no significant correlations were found between %∆ in energy intake and those in body composition variables (r=0.116 to 0.237, p>0.05).•

No abstract

[240][241][242][243]. A simple method for the quantitative analysis of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid to evaluate lead absorption. A procedure is given for the rapid, quantitative determination of urinary delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). Interfering substances are removed by n-butanol extraction. After pyrrole formation with ethyl acetoacetate, Ehrlich's reagent is added to produce the chromophore, which is then extracted with chloroform and measured spectrophotometrically or by comparison of the depth of colour with standard colour solutions. The recoveries were about 91 % and the results agreed well with those obtained using ionexchange column chromatography (r = 0 985). This assay is simple, dependable, and suitable for large-scale screening of industrial workers exposed to lead poisoning, because the critical level of urinary ALA (20 mg./l. urine), which indicates dangerous lead absorption, gives a convenient absorbance.

The first case of porphyria on record in Japan was a patient with congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) reported by Sato and Takahashi in 1920. Since then until the end of December 2002, 827 cases of porphyrias have been diagnosed from characteristic clinical and/or laboratory findings (463 males, 358 females, and 6 of unknown sex). Essentially all inherited porphyrias have been found in Japan, with the incidences and clinical symptoms generally being similar to those reported for other countries. The male-female ratio was approximately 1:1 for CEP, whereas it was higher for erythropoietic protoporphyria. In contrast, preponderances of female patients exist with acute hepatic porphyrias, such as acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), variegate porphyria (VP), and hereditary coproporphyria (HCP), and with undefined acute porphyria. Although porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) is believed to be increasing recently in women in other countries because of smoking and the use of contraceptives, it is still by far more prominent in males in Japan than in females. The recent increasing contribution of hepatitis C virus infection to PCT in Japan has also been recognized. but there have been no PCT cases in Japan with HFE gene mutations. Familial occurrence and consanguinity were high for CEP, as expected; however, significant consanguinity was also noted in families where CEP, AIP, HCP, VP, or PCT occurred as a single isolated case without a family history of disease. This survey also revealed that as many as 71% of acute hepatic porphyria cases were initially diagnosed as nonporphyria and later revised or corrected to porphyria, indicating the difficulty of diagnosing porphyria in the absence of specific laboratory testing for porphyrins and their precursors in urine, stool, plasma, and erythrocyte samples.