Abstrak: Dewasa ini fenotip warna kulit secara alami maupun dengan perlakuan banyak menjadi perhatian terutama dalam aspek sosial dan kosmetik. Seiring dengan itu, berbagai penelitian dan pengembangan biomolekuler yang bertujuan mengendalikan melanogenesis telah berkembang pesat. Pada tingkat molekul, proses kompleks biosintesis polimer melanin di dalam melanosit ditentukan oleh reseptor melanokortin 1 (MC1R). Struktur proteinnya yang dikode oleh faktor genetik seseorang dapat mempengaruhi afinitas reseptor terhadap agonis atau ligan. Selanjutnya jalur lintas sinyal transduksi bergantung siklik adenosin mono-fosfat (cAMP) intrasel yang dicetuskannya akan menentukan tipe dan warna kulit. Faktor-faktor transkripsi pada lintasan sinyal cAMP berupa molekul-molekul protein akan menen-tukan sintesis enzim yang memainkan peran kunci pada arah pembentukan biopolimer mela-nin di dalam retikulum endoplasma, aparatus Golgi dan melanosom. Feomelanogenesis dengan hasil akhir polimer melanin yang berwarna kuning kemerahan adalah jalur pasti hilangnya sinyal reseptor melanokortin 1. Pemahaman pada lintasan sinyal reseptor melano-kortin 1 setidaknya dapat memberi informasi pada kelainan pigmentasi dalam terapan ilmu kedokteran klinik medik. Kata kunci: MC1R, cAMP, sinyal transduksi.     Abstract: Nowadays, natural or modified phenotype skin colors get more attention especially in social and cosmetic aspects. In fact, advanced biomolecular sciences have revealed a better understanding about controlling melanogenesis. In this molecular level, the complexity of melanin biopolymers produced in melanocytes is driven by melanocortin 1 receptors (MC1R). Coded by its genetic structure, this protein may affect receptors’ affinity to their agonists or ligands. Then the intracellular cAMP dependent signal transduction will determine consequently the hair and skin colors. Transcription factors in the cAMP signal line in protein molecule forms are involved in determining enzyme synthesis which plays the main role in directing the biopolymer melanin’s end products in endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and melanosome. Pheomelanogenesis is the consequense of melanocortin 1 receptors signal loss; its end product appears in yellow-red color melanin polymers. Understanding MC1R’s signal transduction gives additional information about pigmentation abnormality in medical practice. Key words: MC1R, cAMP, transduction signal.

Information is needed in the decision making process. Good and right decisions need to be supported by the availability of accurate, fast and relevant information. With such information, the head of an office or head of an institution or organization can get a complex and specific picture of a decision to be formulated. The decision will be efficient in terms of time because the data can be accessed instantly. In addition, the accuracy of the data is more guaranteed, so that decisions that are formulated will be more precise and can be formulated in a relatively short time. So far, PT Telkom Indonesia Tanjungpinang in making the decision to choose the best technician is not based on qualitative data comparing each existing criterion, so that the assessment is only carried out by the head of the office or asman by selecting the technician who he thinks is the best without considering the required criteria. So the assessment is only based on the results of voting votes and also the calculations carried out are also not computerized, so that old data is often lost from the books. With the Web-Based Best Technician Decision Support System to help the Head of the Office in dealing with the above problems, this system was created using the TOPSIS (Technique For Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method with the PHP and Mysql programming languages ​​as the database, as well as the software modeling method using UML.

Melanocytes in basal layers of skin and hair follicles produce melanin biopolymers which determine phenotypes of skin and hair colors of an individual. Melanogenesis induction is influenced by many factors: one of them is activation of receptors in melanocytes’ trans-membrane fragments by effector hormones. Melanocortin-1 receptors belong to the subclasses of the G-protein-coupled-receptor (GPCR) family that is located in melanocytes’ transmem-brane fragments. Variations of their protein structures affect the end result of skin color. Intro-duction, nomenclature, grouping these receptors in the GPCR family, and their protein struc-tures, give some important information about how the receptors actually work in our body, especially in the skin and hair. Key words: GPCR, MC1R, protein’s structure. Abstrak: Sel-sel melanosit pada lapisan basal kulit dan folikel rambut memproduksi biopoli-mer melanin yang akan menentukan fenotip warna kulit dan rambut seseorang. Induksi melanogenesis yang terjadi dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satu diantaranya adalah melalui aktivasi reseptor pada transmembran melanosit oleh beberapa hormon efektor. Reseptor melanokortin 1 merupakan sub-sub kelas kelompok reseptor protein G yang terletak pada transmembran melanosit dimana variasi struktur protein penyusunnya akan mempengaruhi hasil akhir warna kulit. Pengenalan awal, tata nama, penggolongannya  dalam bagian keluarga besar protein G serta struktur protein setidaknya memberi sedikit pemahaman bagaimana cara kerja reseptor ini selanjutnya. Kata kunci: MC1R, GPCR, struktur protein.

The use of well-known brands is now starting to bloom, and this is none other than because it promises big benefits that will be obtained when using well-known brands instead of using their brands. One of the reasons why many industries use well-known brands for their products is to make them easy to sell. This study uses normative legal research methods to examine the protection of well-known brands in Indonesia. The results of this study indicate that trademark protection is provided after the trademark owner registers his trademark. Law Number 20 of 2016 needs to define well-known brands clearly. Well-known marks, namely the rejection of an application that is basically the same or wholly with a well-known Mark for similar goods and services is carried out with due observance of the general provisions. public knowledge about the mark in the field of business concerned. In addition, attention is also paid to the reputation of a well-known brand that is obtained due to vigorous and large-scale promotions, investments in several countries in the world that are carried out by the owner and are accompanied by proof of registration. brand in several countries.