In the new historical arena, to develop urban ecological civilization is of great importance to promote the urban comprehensive competence for now and in the future, and remains as a developmental trend of the urban modern civilization. The paper, aiming at the Yangtze River Delta (“YRD”), a place of strategic importance in China’s economy, first puts forward many challenges that the urban ecological civilization construction is exposed to during the rapid economic growth in the process of industrialization, including severe issues in resources and the environment, the extensive economic growth, and the high-carbon lifestyle; later, based on the analysis of the relation between the low-carbon economy and the ecological civilization construction, it suggests to promote the urban ecological civilization construction in cities of YRD and to realize the sustainable development by actively developing the low-carbon economy featured in low energy consumption, low emission, and low pollution.