The first two authors contributed equally to this study This study explores the inducing-apoptotic activity of the ethanol extract of Duchesnea indica Focke on treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis. Cell models were employed and divided into 4 groups: normal group, virus group, Duchesnea indica group and dexamethasone group. Cytopathic effect examination was employed to detect apoptosis of PC-t2 and BV-2 cells. ELISA was used to measure TNF-a and IL-t!J, and Greiss method to measure NO secretion. Flow cytometry assay for caspase-3 expressions was performed. As a result, the ethanol extract of Duchesnea indica could protect the neuron cell model from impairment by virus. In the cell model of microglia stimulated by herpes simplex virus (HSV), with the ethanol extract intervention, TNF-a, IL-t!J and NO levels were significantly decreased and cell death of BV-2 cells were markedly increased. The expression level of caspase-3 was notably elevated after the extract intervention. In conclusion, the ethanol extract of Duchesnea indica can reduce HSV-induced inflammatory injury on neuron due to the induction of microglia apoptosis.• Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), a kind of viral encephalitis, is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, and often leaves patients long-term neurologic sequelae (I). It attacks neonates as well as older children and adults (2). In spite of research for this disorder, the mechanism of HSE has not been thoroughly made clear. Generally, its pathophysiology is attributed to a diffuse inflammation of the brain parenchyma, which is the main cause leading to cerebral dysfunction (3).Duchesnea indica Focke is a plant member of the rose family and is distributed in the Far East

An otherwise healthy 14-year-old male was referred to our hospital for the evaluation of a mass that was noticed 2 months previously. The mass was located in the left submandibular area. Comprehensive imaging examinations including panoramic radiography, CT and positron emission tomography-CT were performed. Appropriate surgical management and histopathological examination were taken for the patient. Histopathological examination demonstrated an odontogenic myxoma.