A nonionic ink has been developed to facilitate rapid crystallization of perovskite with high film quality including strong crystal orientation and carrier diffusion length that reaches the single-crystal level. Solar cells based on this ink show an invariant efficiency over 21% regardless of the device area ranging from 0.096 to 0.5 cm 2 .

In the field of energy storage, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have aroused researchers' extensive attentions because of their low cost, high theoretical specific capacitance (SC), and adjustable interlayer structure. Notably, the appearance of single-layer or few-layer LDHs nanosheets has addressed the puzzle of large wall thickness and shows a large specific surface area which produces more active sites. However, the cyclic stability of the LDHs nanosheets has been hindered, which result from their poor conductivity, weak structural stability and natural stacking, so the usefulness of them is limited in practice. In this work, exfoliated twodimensional (2D) MXene (F-MXene)/exfoliated 2D ZnMnNi LDH (F-ZnMnNi LDH) van der Waals heterostructures were successfully fabricated by using electrostatic self-assembly between negatively titanium carbide F-MXene nanosheets and positively charged F-ZnMnNi LDH nanosheets. The as-prepared 2D/2D van der Waals heterostructures integrate the advantages of F-MXene and F-ZnMnNi LDH, including outstanding electron conductivity, stable structure, and superior redox activity. Accordingly, the as-prepared sample exhibits ultrahigh SC of 2065 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s and remarkable cycling stability with capacitance retention of 99.8% after 100 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A/g.

Bicontinuous mesoporous carbon films are fabricated by cooperative self-assembly of phenolic resin and amphiphilic triblock copolymer via an order-order transition from cylinders to gyroid. The film morphology is strongly influenced by the details of processing, including age of the resol, resol : template ratio, and the solvent vapor annealing process.

No abstract

The chemical constituents and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of fresh rhizome essential oil (FR-EO) and dry rhizome essential oil (DR-EO) of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith obtained from Southwest China were compared. Zerumbone was the predominant component in both FR-EO and DR-EO (75.0% and 41.9%, respectively). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone were all demonstrated to have significant antimicrobial capacity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 31.25 to 156.25 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) ranging from 62.50 to 625.00 μg/mL. Zerumbone showed the strongest antimicrobial potential against all tested microorganisms compared with the fresh and dry rhizome essential oils. FR-EO was found to be more active than DR-EO against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris. FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all showed significant cytotoxic activity against K562, PC-3, and A549 human tumor cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Zerumbone exhibited the strongest antiproliferative activity against all tested human tumor cell lines with an IC50 of 4.21–11.09 μg/mL for 72 h incubation, as compared with the fresh and dry rhizome oils. The cytotoxic activity of FR-EO (IC50: 10.48–14.51 μg/mL for 72 h) was found to be significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of DR-EO (IC50: 13.83–33.24 μg/mL for 72 h). FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone exhibited selective cytotoxic activity to tumor cells, with a significantly low cytotoxicity to normal cells (MRC-5, IC50: 56.98–147.29 μg/mL). However, FR-EO, DR-EO, and zerumbone all exhibited weak free-radical-scavenging activity according to DPPH and ABTS analysis. The findings highlighted in this study show that FR-EO provides appreciably higher content of the bioactive compound, zerumbone, and has higher antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties than DR-EO. Thus, fresh Z. zerumbet rhizome should be preferred in cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical applications.