In DWI, the optimal b value is 600 s/mm(2) ; multiple b values of 600 s/mm(2) and higher are recommended to differentiate between benign and malignant abdominal lesions. The lesion ADC/normal parenchyma ADC ratio is more accurate than using lesion ADC only.

DWI parameters, measured before and after treatment, may be useful prognostic biomarkers for tumor burden, recurrence, and survival in cervical cancer patients treated with CRT. The primary tumor pretreatment ADCmean is an independent prognostic factor for DFS and OS. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:1010-1019.

Body mass index and transvaginal cervical length were better predictors compared to the Bishop score in determining the success of labor induction.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection characterized by cyst formation in any organ, although the liver and lungs are most commonly involved. Hydatid disease of the spleen is uncommon, representing <8% of all human hydatid diseases. Splenic hydatid cysts usually coexist with liver hydatid cysts (secondary form), although the spleen is the primary location (primary form) in some cases. The clinical signs and symptoms of splenic hydatid cysts depend on their size, relationship with adjacent organs, and complications. One of the complications of splenic hydatid cysts is cyst rupture either after trauma or spontaneously as a result of increased intracystic pressure. These cysts may rupture into a hollow organ, through the diaphragm into the pleural cavity, or directly into the peritoneal cavity. A splenic hydatid cyst that ruptures into the peritoneal cavity may cause complications, including signs of peritoneal irritation, urticaria, anaphylaxis, and death, as in our case. Therefore, a hydatid cyst rupture requires both emergency surgery and careful postoperative care. In this study, we present a case of a giant splenic hydatid cyst that ruptured into the peritoneal cavity without any trauma. A review of cases reported in the English literature about splenic hydatid cyst perforation is also discussed.

Objective: This study compared the dosimetry of volumetric-arc therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with a dynamic multileaf collimator using the Monte Carlo algorithm in the treatment of prostate cancer with and without simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) at different energy levels. Methods: The data of 15 biopsy-proven prostate cancer patients were evaluated. The prescribed dose was 78 Gy to the planning target volume (PTV78) including the prostate and seminal vesicles and 86 Gy (PTV86) in 39 fractions to the intraprostatic lesion, which was delineated by MRI or MR-spectroscopy. Results: PTV dose homogeneity was better for IMRT than VMAT at all energy levels for both PTV78 and PTV86. Lower rectum doses (V 30 -V 50 ) were significantly higher with SIB compared with PTV78 plans in both IMRT and VMAT plans at all energy levels. The bladder doses at high dose level (V 60 -V 80 ) were significantly higher in IMRT plans with SIB at all energy levels compared with PTV78 plans, but no significant difference was observed in VMAT plans. VMAT plans resulted in a significant decrease in the mean monitor units (MUs) for 6, 10, and 15 MV energy levels both in plans with and those without SIB. Conclusion: Dose escalation to intraprostatic lesions with 86 Gy is safe without causing serious increase in organs at risk (OARs) doses. VMAT is advantageous in sparing OARs and requiring less MU than IMRT. Advances in knowledge: VMAT with SIB to intraprostatic lesion is a feasible method in treating prostate cancer. Additionally, no dosimetric advantage of higher energy is observed.Randomized trials have shown a gain in biochemical relapse-free survival using dose escalation for prostate cancer.1 However, isolated local failure is still reported in nearly one-third of patients, even with higher radiotherapy (RT) doses.1 Local recurrence is of clinical importance because a relationship has been suggested between local control, distant metastasis and survival.2 It has also been demonstrated that intraprostatic failure mainly originates at the initial tumour location as a result of intrinsic resistance of a fraction of the tumour clones, which implies that selective dose escalation to the dominant intraprostatic lesion using simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) might be beneficial. With new RT techniques, such as intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) and volumetric-arc therapy (VMAT), SIB could be delivered without increasing acute toxicity.4-7 Several recent studies have performed dosimetric comparison of IMRT and VMAT plans in prostate cancer; 8-10 however, dosimetric evaluation of IMRT and VMAT plans delivering SIB is rare. In these studies, target volume and organs at risk (OARs) doses may vary with different treatment planning systems. Another aspect not often addressed in these planning studies is the photon energy level. 4,8,9,11 Although higher energy photons have the potential advantage of reduced attenuation with depth, this may in turn increase the risk of secondary malignancies because of the presence of neutron...