BACKGROUND:The efficacy of combined aspiration catheter and stent retriever compared with stent retriever alone for the treatment of large-vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke is unclear. PURPOSE: Our aim was to conduct a systematic literature review and meta-analysis on several metrics of efficacy comparing aspiration catheter and stent retriever with stent retriever alone.DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library Databases were searched. Randomized controlled trials and case-control and cohort studies were included.
STUDY SELECTION:Ten comparative studies were included detailing a combined 1495 patients with aspiration catheter and stent retriever and 1864 with stent retrievers alone.DATA ANALYSIS: Data on first pass effect (TICI 2b/2c/3 after first pass), final successful reperfusion (modified TICI $2b), and 90day functional independence (mRS # 2) were collected. Meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model.
The human pathogen
Cryptococcus neoformans
is the leading cause of fungal meningitis in primarily immunocompromised populations. Understanding how this environmental organism adapts to the human host to cause deadly infection will guide our development of novel disease control strategies.
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