The management of patients with intractable urinary incontinence presents as a challenging priority in the ageing population. To preserve the antibacterial mechanisms of the bladder, a urine collection that enables the bladder to fill and empty regularly and completely, should be used. This mimics the action of the healthy bladder. We compared the success rates of two widely used urinary-collection systems (catheter with drainage bag or a catheter valve) at our institution for those patients undergoing a trial of void.

The natural history of cervical myelopathy involves both static and dynamic factors which trigger a cascade of reactions resulting in cord compression and ischemic dysfunction of the spinal cord. Conservative management is an option in those with mild Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy (CSM), though close clinical and radiological follow-up is important. Operative management remains the standard of treatment for more symptomatic CSM, however, indications must be carefully considered with each individual patient. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled multi-centre study, assessing whether Riluzole (a neuroprotective drugs) has any benefits as a treated for surgical decompression in those with CSM, is being carried out. Here we review the pathophysiological, diagnostic and treatment aspects of CSM.

Intramedullary spinal cord tumours (IMSCTs) are rare neoplasms that can lead to severe neurological deterioration. Optimum management of these patients remains ambiguous. Much literature is not available due to the rarity of these tumours. This article addresses their epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostics, treatment and future strategies.

Hyaluronic acid dermal fillers are a very popular choice for patients wanting to undergo non-invasive facial rejuvenation. Its prevalence is predicted to continue to rise. We report a case of delayed angioedema and associated urticaria to hyaluronic acid dermal fillers post COVID-19 infection. To our knowledge, this is an unusual case of hypersensitivity reaction of eight-month latency. Although the aetiology warrants further research, the author suggests utilisation of a four-week time window between dermal filler injections and COVID-19 vaccination.

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