issn impreso 0250-7161 | issn digital 0717-6236 resumen | En este artículo se discuten el proceso de difusión de técnicas de "resolución de conflictos ambientales" en América Latina, los esquemas de construcción de la realidad que suponen, como también la manera como conceptúan la problemática ambiental. En base al análisis crítico de las categorías evocadas, procuramos estudiar en qué medida ese modelo de armonía atribuye al tema ambiental latinoamericano una dimensión política, pertinente al debate sobre estrategias de desarrollo o si, al contrario, retira dicho debate de la esfera pública y le reserva a los conflictos un tratamiento despolitizante, dirigido hacia el acuerdo negociado entre agentes en ellos involucrados directamente. El material bibliográfico utilizado se nutrió de la literatura producida por críticos, como también por promotores de los mecanismos de la llamada resolución negociada de conflictos. palabras clave | Conflicto social, medio ambiente, movimientos sociales, espacio público. abstract | The article discusses the diffusion of "environmental dispute resolution" techniques in Latin American countries, as well as the underlying frameworks and ways of conceptualizing the environmental problematic. Through critical analysis of certain categories, we look at how this harmonious model lends a political dimension to the Latin American environmental issue, becoming part of the debate over development strategies or, to the contrary, removes this debate from the public sphere and treats the conflicts in an unpoliticized way, seeking a negotiated outcome between the parties that are directly involved. The bibliographical material is nourished by critical literature, also by those who promote so-called negotiated conflict resolution mechanisms.
As Agendas 21 locais, propugnadas pelos compromissos assinados na Rio-92, apresentam-se na arena pública como dinâmicas de articulação social destinadas a associar políticas públicas de ordenamento territorial a dinâmicas participativas e preocupação com o meio ambiente. O presente artigo discute as implicações dos formatos institucionais e dinâmicas organizativas das Agendas 21 municipais desenvolvidas no Estado do Rio de Janeiro para a distribuição de legitimidade, autoridade e poder sobre os processos de decisão com impactos sobre o uso e a apropriação de recursos do território. A questão de fundo reside em verificar em que medida pressões democratizantes por parte da sociedade civil podem estar sendo respondidas com propostas despolitizantes, pelas quais a política estaria sendo substituída por uma gestão que se quer consensual de um ambiente que, entretanto, apresenta características socioculturais múltiplas.Palavras-chave: planejamento ambiental; localismo; Agenda 21. Abstract: The local Agendas 21, which were proposed by the UN Summit 1992, are showed in the public arena as able to associate environmental public policy with social participation. The present article discusses the implications of the municipal’s Agendas21 shapes and organizative dynamics developed in Rio de Janeiro state on the distribution of legitimacy, authority and power in the decision making process over the environment. The deep concern of the study is to seek how claims for democratization rooted in civil society can be answered through depoliticized measures, politics being replaced by some kind of management that pretend to be consensual about the uses of the environment, although this one presents, in fact, itself different social and cultural features. Keywords: environmental planning; localism; Agenda 21.
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