Objective Utilization of liquid smoke rice husk can be used as an alternative treatment because of the antimicrobial properties. Advances in drug delivery systems are increasingly developing to increase the bioavailability of drugs and reduce the side effects of these drugs, namely nanoparticles. In this study, nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk (nLSRH) were tested the antimicrobial against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Materials and Method This type of research is an experimental in vitro laboratory using Porphyromonas gingivalis culture. nLSRH contained liquid smoke rice husk concentration of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5%. The antibacterial was performed using the dilution methods. Results The nLRSH concentration of 1% showed clearest medium. The highest number of colonies Porphyromonas gingivalis was observed at nLSRH concentration of 1% (40.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]) and decreased at a concentration of 2.5% (11.3 CFU); other concentration or no bacterial colony growth was found. The nLSRH concentration of 2.5% can be determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration and nLSRH concentration of 5% can be determined as the minimum bactericidal concentration. Conclusion nLSRH have antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This finding able to drive the next research to develop nLSRH as gingival and periodontitis disease is caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Periodontal disease is oral health problem which attacks 20-50% of the global population. In Indonesia, 60% population suffers periodontal disease and become the second most common disease in the oral cavity. Aggressive periodontitis (AP) is one of periodontal disease, mainly attacks individual under 30 years-old, with rapid alveolar bone destruction. Bone graft implantation surgery is the current treatment for AP, but it is invasive and high risk infection. Nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan (nHPA-CS) hydrogel injectable scaffold is non-invasive treatment that contains bone mineral hydroxyapatite that derived from bovine bone and chitosan (CS) biopolymer with low immunogenicity. Platelet-Rich-Fibrin (PRF) contains huge amount growth factor which is biodegradable to human body. Buccal-Fat-Pad Stem-Cell (BFPSC) was chosen because it is easy to harvest and able to differentiate into mesenchymal lineage tissue. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the potential combination of nanohydroxyapatite-chitosan hydrogel scaffold, platelet-rich-fibrin, and buccal-fat-pad stem-cells for regenerating alveolar bone in aggressive-periodontitis patients. Data was obtained by literature study scientific research articles. In patients with AP, BFPSC can differentiate into osteoblast to improve osteogenesis, nHPA-CS scaffold creates host like tissue microenvironment to stimulate osteoinduction and osteoconduction activity of BFPSC, while PRF stimulates osteogenic differentiation and proliferation of BFPSC with insulin growth-factor, platelets derived growth-factor, transforming growth-factor, fibroblast growth-factor, vascular endothelial growth-factor. this combination increasing runt-related transcription-factor2, osterix, bone alkaline phosphatase, and controls pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1b) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) so it can enhance bone regeneration and avoid bone destruction. The combination of nHPA-CS, PRF, BFPSC has the potential for alveolar bone regeneration in Aggressive-Periodontitis patients.

Objective Rice husk liquid smoke nanoparticles have the potential to be developed as a drug because they have anti-inflammatory effects that can modulate the process of osteoblast stimulation through osteoblast stimulation by thorough small size and enter cells easily. The osteoblast is the key of alveolar regeneration in periodontitis treatment. This present study analyzed the differences of liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk on osteoblast viability as periodontitis treatment Materials and Methods The liquid smoke rice husk was obtained from the pyrolysis process. The nanoparticles were made with chitosan, maltodextrin, and difference of concentration of liquid smoke rice husk (such as 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5%). The viability of osteoblast was analyzed by 2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Statistical Analysis The data were analyzed using independent t-test to analyze the differences between liquid smoke rice husk and nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk, the significant was set a p<0.05. Result The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk. The nanoparticles' concentration of 5, 7.5, and 10% showed higher osteoblast viability compared liquid smoke rice husk (p = 0.002, 0.000, and 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk showed higher viability of osteoblast. This confirmed that the nanoparticles were able to reduce the toxicity in the higher concentration of liquid smoke of rice husk.

Hematocrit examination is an examination used to measure the concentration of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood stated in percent (%). The usual hematocrit examination uses the anticoagulant EDTA, is expensive, and rarely distributed in remote area. Alternative anticoagulants are currently being studied, one of which is the extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). This study aims to determine the difference in hematocrit values ​​using the anticoagulant EDTA and extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). The type of this research was analytic observational with a cross-sectional research design. Samples were taken by non-random purposive sampling of 16 female students from a total of 31 students of class D semester VIII of Health Analyst Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. The results showed average hematocrit value using EDTA anticoagulant was 42.38% by using the microhematocrit method. Meanwhile, the average hematocrit value using mangrove stem extract (Aegiceras corniculatum) is 20.88%. The hematocrit examination using the EDTA anticoagulant were higher than using the extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). It showed a value of 0.000 with a significant level of 0.05, which is 0.000 <0.05. Therefore, there is a difference in hematocrit value using EDTA anticoagulant and mangrove stem extract (Aegiceras corniculatum).

Hematocrit examination is an examination used to measure the concentration of red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the blood stated in percent (%). The usual hematocrit examination uses the anticoagulant EDTA, is expensive, and rarely distributed in remote area. Alternative anticoagulants are currently being studied, one of which is the extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). This study aims to determine the difference in hematocrit values ​​using the anticoagulant EDTA and extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). The type of this research was analytic observational with a cross-sectional research design. Samples were taken by non-random purposive sampling of 16 female students from a total of 31 students of class D semester VIII of Health Analyst Universitas Muhammadiyah Semarang. The results showed average hematocrit value using EDTA anticoagulant was 42.38% by using the microhematocrit method. Meanwhile, the average hematocrit value using mangrove stem extract (Aegiceras corniculatum) is 20.88%. The hematocrit examination using the EDTA anticoagulant were higher than using the extract of mangrove stems (Aegiceras corniculatum). It showed a value of 0.000 with a significant level of 0.05, which is 0.000 <0.05. Therefore, there is a difference in hematocrit value using EDTA anticoagulant and mangrove stem extract (Aegiceras corniculatum).