The relevance of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to explore the bureaucracy of district schools in Kazan province during the first half of the XIXth century, making it possible to determine the contribution of the above officials to the development of public education. The article presents the conditions for implementing professional activities by staff caretakers and the analysis of staff caretaker’s duties and their financial competence, and the specifics of their position as civil servants in the public education system. The authors showed that the practical activity of the district schools, their financial well-being (in the form of additional contributions), and the management of the schools' entire economic part, reporting, depended on the personal qualities, abilities, and skills of a regular caretaker. The article examines conflict situations between the teachers of district schools, which became a characteristic phenomenon for the entire educational system in the first half of the XIXth century. The methods of their elimination by staff caretakers were also considered. Determination of the factors for establishing a staff caretaker institution and the principles of appointment to this position made it possible to identify his role in organizing the system of district schools in Kazan province during the first half of the XIXth century. The authors showed that the staff caretakers controlled almost all the activities of the Kazan province's district schools during the first half of the XIXth century, reporting, if necessary, about the shortcomings in their work to higher authorities.