Dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum is of benign behaviour and its incidence is extremely rare. The disease should be considered when confronted with a young adult presenting with clinical signs of progressive mass effect in the posterior fossa. The lesion is hypointense on T1- and hyperintense on T2-weighted magnetic resonance images. Recognition of the disease is of particular importance, as the frequent but under-reported coexistence with Cowden syndrome, should prompt thorough clinical and apparative investigation to detect or exclude concomitant malignancies.

When performed by experienced physicians, percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy under fiberoptic guidance is a safe method. The risks of early complications and of clinically relevant tracheal stenoses are low. Subclinical tracheal stenoses are found in about 40% of patients following PDT.

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