We conclude that fetuses with a lean umbilical cord have an increased risk of being small for gestational age at birth and of having signs of distress at the time of delivery.

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The clinical significance of discordant UAs is that newborns are generally in good condition at birth and placental anomalies are common in this group of parturients. Abnormal Doppler velocimetry of the smaller UA should be taken with caution, because it does not seem to be associated with poor perinatal outcome.

The rate of fetal acidemia is significantly increased after regional anesthesia. This risk must be judged in light of the risks inherent with general anesthesia.