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A number of observations have been published with regard to elevated serum uric acid levels in patients with atherosclerotic (Eidlitz, 1961, 1962) and coronary disease (Gertler, Garn and Levine, 1951) and hyperuricaemia after myocardial infarction (Dreyfuss, 1959; Kohn and Prozan, 1959). Work has also been done on dominant traits for hyperuricaemia together with hypercholesterolaemia (Adlersberg, 1949; Harris-Jones, 1957; Salvini and Verdi, 1959; Schoenfeld and Goldberger, 1963). A greater incidence of cardiovascular diseases among gouty patients than among others has been noted (Gertler and Oppenheimer, 1953), as well as a tendency for spontaneous changes in the serum cholesterol level to be associated with changes of similar direction and magnitude in the serum uric acid level (Schoenfeld and Goldberger, 1963). In view of all these observations, an investigation was undertaken to ascertain whether the serum uric acid levels change with dietary fat composition as do the serum cholesterol levels.