The catalytic properties of some mixed zirconates with the pyrochlore or fluorite structure have been investigated using CO oxidation as the test reaction. The presence of terbium ions, leading to mixed conductivity, and the extent of pyrochlore ordering affect the kinetic behaviour and the catalytic activity of the investigated materials. Bismuth-containing compounds show an increased rate of reoxidation.
An interpretation is given of the broadened EPR spectra of Gds+ ions, which are frequently observed in polycrystalline ceramics and glasses. A reasonable simulation of the spectra is obtained, when these are regarded as a superposition of a large number of normal EPR powder spectra, each of which can be described with the usual spin-Hamiltonian. These originate from the many different surroundings of the Gd3+ ions in these compounds due to the structural disorder. The result is, that only those transitions, which are independent of the zero field splitting parameters in the spin Hamiltonian, remain visible in the derivative spectrum. The interpretation is supported by the EPR powder spectrum of the Gd3+ doped compound CaHf,O,, which changes from broadened into clearly resolved, when the compound is ordered by an annealing process.Eine Interpretation wird fur die verbreiterten EPR-Spektren von Gd3 +-Ionen gegeben, die hLufig in polykristalliner Keramik und Glasern beobachtet werden. Eine ziemlich gute Simulation dieser Spektren wird erhalten, wenn diese Spektren als Summe einer groBen Anzahl normaler EPRSpektren betrachtet werden, welche mit dem ublichen Spin-Hamiltonoperator beschrieben werden konnen. Die normalen Spektren werden von den vielen verschiedenen Umgebungen der Gd3+-Ionen verursacht, als Folge der strukturellen Unordnung in diesen Verbindungen. Das Ergebriis ist, da13 nur solche Resonanzen wahrnehmbar sind im abgeleiteten Spektrum, die unabhangig von den Parametern der Nullfeldaufspaltung im Spin-Hamiltonoperator sind. Diese Interpretation wird durch das Verhalten des EPR-Spektrums eines Polykristalls der Gd3+-dotierten Verbindung CaHf,O, gesttitzt. Das erst verbreiterte Spektrum andert sioh in ein deutlich aufgespaltenes Spektrum, wenn die Verbindung in einem TemperungsprozeB geordnet wird.
The recent literature on electrocatalysis and electrocatalytic phenomena occurring in gas phase reactions on solid, oxygen conducting electrolytes is reviewed. In this field there are a number of different subjects which are treated separately. These are: the use of electrochemical methods to study catalytic phenomena, electrocatalysis proper, the transfer of oxygen at the electrodes or electrolyte, and the (electro)catalytic properties of mixed, electronic and ionic, conducting materials.
The EPR powder spectra of Gd3+ doped LaA10, are simulated for a number of temperatures between 4 and 800 K by means of the usual spin-Hamiltonian. Values are found for the zero field splitting parameters B(n, 0) only, which agree with single crystal measurements. For an accurate simulation of the axial powder spectra a variable linewidth has to be introduced, because an inhomogeneous broadening of the resonances in the zy plane is observed. This broadening is successfully described by a variable B(2, 2) parameter. This indicates that the Gd3+ ion does not fit within the LaA10, lattice, because GdAlO, is not isostructural with LaAlO,. Crystal field calculations support this assumption.Die EPR-Pulver-Spektren, der mit Gd3+ dotierten Verbindung LaAlO,, werden fur einige Temperaturen zwischen 4 und 800 K mit dem ublichen Spin-Hamiltonoperator simuliert. Nur fur die Nullfeldaufspaltung der Parameter B(n, 0) werden Werte gefunden, die mit Messungen an Einkristallen ubereinstimmen. Um eine gute Simulation der axialen Spektren des Polykristalls zu erhalten, ist eine variable Linienbreite notig, weil eine inhomogene Verbreiterung in der (2, y ) -Ebene beobachtet wird. Diese Verbreiterung wird erfolgreich durch verschiedene B(2,2) Parameter beschrieben. Daraus IaBt sich schlieoen, dao das Gda+-Ion sich nicht in das LaAl0,-Gitter einfugt, da die Gitterstrukturen von GdAlO, und LaA10, nicht ubereinstimmen. Berechnungen des Kristallfeldes unterstutzen diese Behauptung.
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