An experiment was conducted at Research Station, State Board for Seeds Testing and Certification, Baghdad, Iraq during 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 seasons to determine the effect of six seeding rates (80, 100, 120, 140, 160, and 180 kg ha-1) on yield and quality of three wheat cultivars (Bohooth 22, Bohooth 158, and Rasheed). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Blocks Design (RCBD) with split plots arrangement placing seeding rates in main plots and cultivars in sub-plots with three replicates. Seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 gave highest grain yield (4.95 and 4.99 t ha-1) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 gave highest protein content (13.95% and 13.68%) and gluten (34.46% and 32.95%) for both seasons, respectively. Seeding rate of 140 kg ha-1 gave the highest protein yield (618.60 kg ha-1) during the first season, while seeding rate of 120 kg ha-1 gave the highest yield in this trait (621.02 kg ha-1) during the second season. Rasheed cultivar plants produced highest grain yield (4.77 and 4.89 t ha-1), whereas Bohooth 158 plants recorded highest protein content (13.13% and 13.28%) and gluten (34.85% and 33.21%) for both seasons, respectively. So, it's recommended to cultivate the three studied wheat cultivars at seeding rate 140 kg ha-1 to obtain highest grain yield, whereas seeding rate 80 kg ha-1 is the best to get the highest protein and gluten content.

Farmers keep trying to avoid using chemical fertilizer without losing high yield. A field experiment was conducted in the fields of Agriculture College, University of Baghdad during winter seasons of 2015 and 2016 to investigate the response of three bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Ibaa99, Abu-Ghraib3 and Buhooth22) to the frequency of spraying with biofertilizer (EM-1) (one time at tillering stage, twice at tillering and stem elongation stages and three times at tillering, stem elongation and booting stages) in addition to the control (without spraying), to the increase of grain yield. Randomized complete block design (RCBD), in split plots arrangement and four replications, was used. Spraying treatments were placed as main plots and cultivars as subplots. The results showed that Ibaa99 cultivar, three times of EM-1 spraying and their interaction gave the highest averages of grain yield (3.89 and 4.31), (3.85 and 4.36) and (4.11 and 4.58 ton*ha-1), respectively, for both seasons. It can be concluded that yield responded significantly to the frequency of EM-1 spraying during vegetative stages.

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