The genuineness of a hybrid is one of the most important characteristics of good quality seed. In order to identify pure hybrid and pollen shedders/ offtypes an investigation was performed to identify an ideal SSR marker. 58 primer pairs were screened to identify the specific marker associated with each hybrid and parental lines. Hybrid KBSH-44 could be clearly identified by using ORS 309 and ORS 170, based on the banding pattern resolved on polyacrylamide gel (6%). The complementary banding pattern of both parents made a way to identify the hybrid. ORS 309 amplified allele size at 250 bp was specific to female parent (CMS-17A) and 230 bp was specific to male parent (RHA 95-C-1). These two bands of allele size 230 and 250 bp were found only in hybrid KBSH-44. Another SSR primer ORS 170 was able to distinguish the hybrid KBSH-44 by amplifying allele of size 230 bp a female specific (CMS-17A) allele and 200 bp amplicon a male specific allele (RHA 95-C-1). SSR primer ORS 811 found specific to identify KBSH-53 and it amplified allele of size 270 bp in its female parent (CMS-53A) and allele size of 230 bp in its pollen parent (RHA 95-C-1). The hybrid has both the alleles from its parents at 270 and 230 bp.

Various chemical tests are being used to reveal chemical differences among the seeds or seedlings of different cultivars. Study to characterize and identify 24 tomato cultivars based on chemical test chemicals viz., Standard phenol test, Modified phenol test, NaOH test, KOH test and Seedling growth response to added chemicals reveled that, most of the cultivars studied were distinct from other cultivars. No single chemical test could distinguish all the varieties. However, distinguishable chemical characteristics were used to develop the keys for identification of each and every cultivar and all the cultivars were distinguished based on these identification keys.

The genuineness of a hybrid is one of the most important characteristics of good quality seed. In order to identify pure hybrid and pollen shedders/ offtypes an investigation was performed to identify an ideal SSR marker. 58 primer pairs were screened to identify the specific marker associated with each hybrid and parental lines. Hybrid KBSH-44 could be clearly identified by using ORS 309 and ORS 170, based on the banding pattern resolved on polyacrylamide gel (6%). The complementary banding pattern of both parents made a way to identify the hybrid. ORS 309 amplified allele size at 250 bp was specific to female parent (CMS-17A) and 230 bp was specific to male parent (RHA 95-C-1). These two bands of allele size 230 and 250 bp were found only in hybrid KBSH-44. Another SSR primer ORS 170 was able to distinguish the hybrid KBSH-44 by amplifying allele of size 230 bp a female specific (CMS-17A) allele and 200 bp amplicon a male specific allele (RHA 95-C-1). SSR primer ORS 811 found specific to identify KBSH-53 and it amplified allele of size 270 bp in its female parent (CMS-53A) and allele size of 230 bp in its pollen parent (RHA 95-C-1). The hybrid has both the alleles from its parents at 270 and 230 bp.

No abstract

Abrus precatorius is an indigenous medicinal plant belongs to Fabaceae family and grow as wild vine in tropical and subtropical climate conditions. Seeds of this species posses seed dormancy and restricts germination to overcome unfavorable environmental conditions. This dormancy need to be removed to enhance germination under favourable condition of plant growth. Hence, different dormancy breaking treatments were imposed on freshly harvested seeds to improve germination. Treatments includes physical and physiological methods like soaking in water (24 h), conc. H 2 SO 4 (2 min), KNO 3 (2%) (24 h), GA 3 100 ppm (24 h), Kinetin 100 ppm (24 h) and mechanically damaging the seed coat. The experimental results revealed that A. precatorius posses seed dormancy, mainly due to leathery testa leading to impermeability for water and oxygen so called hard seeds. Among treatments, damaging the seed coat (Nicking) enhanced germination from 32 to 84%, followed by seeds soaked in gibberlic acid (100 pm) for 24 h (78 %). In nature, dormancy was gradually reduced and found no dormancy behavior after seven months of harvest. For quick viability test, seed coat must be mechanically damaged before preconditioning of seeds for better results. Also, seeds soaked in Tz solution of 1.0 (%) for 6 h or 0.1% for 12 h helps for clear distinguishing of viable and non viable seeds in abrus.