Telepathology may be used to provide a frozen section service to hospitals without a department or institute of pathology. We have developed a telepathology system using the commercially available Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). The main software and hardware elements of our system are: Apple Macintosh workstations, a program for simultaneous transfer of image, voice and data, and a data bank for storage of patients' data and microscopic images. A picture instrument manager (PIM) makes remote control of microscopes or other instruments possible. The system connects the Department of Pathology of the University of Basel with the Regional Hospital of Samedan, 250 km away, and the Regional Hospital of Burgdorf, 100 km away. During a period of 20 months, frozen sections with the hospitals in Samedan and Burgdorf were performed in 53 patients. Between 54 and 58 s were required for the transfer of a diagnostic 8-bit grey level image containing 341 +/- 26.1 (standard error) kbytes (n = 13) or a diagnostic 24-bit colour image containing 165 +/- 16.9 kbytes (n = 40). Frozen section diagnosis was completed in 20-40 min. True-positive diagnoses of malignant tumours were achieved in 85.7% of cases (sensitivity = 0.857). No false-positive diagnosis was made. In 3 of the 53 cases telepathological diagnosis was not possible for technical reasons.
Wie aus der umfangreichen Literatur') uber die BECKMANN-Umlagerung von Ketoximen 1 (X = OH) hervorgeht, hangt die Geschwindigkeit dieser Reaktion a) sowohl von der Natur der nucleofugen [2] 2, Gruppe X (z. B. H,OO, ArS0,-, RCOOusw.) und der wandernden, a&-standigen Gruppe R als auch von der Art der stationaren Gruppe R' ab. Zudem spielt die Polaritat des Losungsmittels eine Rolle,). Auf Grund dieser Befunde wird geschlossen, dass die Losung der N-X Bindung und die Wanderung von R gleichzeitig im geschwindigkeitsbestimmenden Schritt erfolgen [l].
2) Der iiblichen Konventions) folgend, wird dasjenige Isomere als die synbzw. anti-Form bezeichnet, in welchem die Hydroxylgruppe cis-bzw. trans-standig zum jeweils erstgenannten Substituenten angeordnet ist. Verbindung (1) ist somit ein syn-or-Amino-acetophenon-oxim bzw. syn-Aminomethyl-phenyl-ketoxim.
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