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The complete nucleotide sequence of a Chrysanthemum virus B isolate from Japan (CVB-S) has been determined. The genomic RNA of CVB-S is 8,990 nucleotides long, excluding the poly(A) tail and, like that of other carlaviruses, contains six open reading frames (ORFs). Multiple alignment and phylogenetic analyses indicated that the phylogenetic relationship among members of the genus Carlavirus is very diverse, with phlox virus S being the closest relative of CVB. In aphid transmission tests, CVB-S was transmitted at a very low rate by Aphis gossypii, a new vector of the virus.