No abstract

This study was done to examine the effect of higher doses of omega-3 fatty acids on bones metabolism because most studies that proved the importance of omega-3 didn't limit the appropriate dose and didn't study the side effects of high doses especially on bone. Twenty female rats whose ages (2.5-3) months and initially weighing (220-300) gm, were divided in to four groups and given 200, 400 or 600 mg/kg orally of omega-3 fatty acids for 30 days. At the end of the experiments, the blood was withdrawn, the right femur was taken to determine the percentage of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and the left femur for hacking histological. The results showed that 200 mg/kg omega-3 lead to a significant decrease in ALP activity with an elevation in Ca and P in serum and a significant reduction in percentage of Ca and P with elevation in percentage Mg in bone ash, while the activity of ALP was significantly elevated in the rats that treated with 400 mg/kg omega-3fatty acids accompanied with elevation in serum Ca and P and reduction in percentage of Ca and elevation in percentage of P in bone ash compared with control group. Treatment 600 mg/kg omega-3 lead to elevation in ALP activity and reduction in Ca and P in serum and bone ash. Histological results showed the appearance of osteoblasts and osteocytes and low number of osteoclasts with 200 mg/kg omega-3, while the treatment of rats with 400 and 600 mg/kg omega-3 lead to reduce the number of osteoblasts and the appearance of osteoclasts and osteocytes. These findings provide evidence that higher doses of omega-3 supplementation can lead to bone resorption and imbalance in minerals of bone.

This research was planned to verify the influence of saponin, that extracted from Glycyrrihiza glabra in activity of hepatic enzymes and some biochemical parameters of serum ovariectomized adult female rats. 15 adult female rats were randomly divided into three groups, which included sham-operated (sham), ovariectomized (ovx), and ovariectomized rats treated orally with (250 mg/kg/day) of saponin extract for (25) days. The results revealed, that ovx rats showed a significant elevation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Calcium level, a significant reduction in activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate amino transferase (AST), γ-Glutamyl transferase (GGT), and level of albumin, creatinine without any significant change in alanine amino transferase (ALT) activity and magnesium level comparison with sham-operated rats. Treatment ovx rats with 250 mg/kg of saponin caused a significant reduction in ALT and CK activities, and elevation in albumin and creatinine levels, and AST, GGT activities. In conclusion, the present results revealed that, saponin extracted of Glycyrrihiza glabra have an effect in hepatic enzyme activity and some biochemical parameters in ovariectomized female rats with osteoporosis results from reduction in estrogen level.