BACKGROUND: Natural disasters always have significant effects on social infrastructures, living conditions, and health care systems. This study aims to explain the needs of victims in the west of Iran for primary health care services. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This thematic content analysis and qualitative study was done from September 2020 to June 2021 in the west of Iran. Participants were selected using purposive sampling method. The data were extracted through semi-structured interviews with 17 earthquake victims and then examined through thematic content analysis. RESULTS: By analyzing and coding the data, the primary needs of victims post an earthquake in the west of Iran were classified into four main categories) health services, mental health, social health, and health management (and 14 subcategories. CONCLUSION: Regarding the primary needs (health services, mental health, social health, and health management), establishing a headquarters to meet the immediate and special health care needs seems to be required. It was recommended to create institutions for monitoring and supporting the health care needs at the level of the community and even policymaking, as well as guiding earthquake-stricken areas such as the eco-village.