Aim/Purpose: This study aims to investigate the perceptions and motivations of state senior high school teachers in rural districts in Indonesia towards ICT use in learning activities. Background: In 2013, Indonesian government launched an ICT-based curriculum known as 2013 Curriculum. According to this curriculum, ICT must be integrated into all subjects as learning resources and media. Even though there are growing numbers of research investigating teacher perceptions and motivation to ICT use in teaching and learning process, little has focused on teachers in rural districts in Indonesia. Research on ICT use in education in Indonesia generally focuses on teachers in urban areas. Methodology: The data of this study were collected through a set of questionnaires administered to 616 senior high school teachers from four rural districts in Indonesia. The questionnaire reliability was analyzed using the Cronbach Alpha with the help of SPSS software. The percentage was mainly used in the descriptive analysis. Whereas, Mann-Whitney U-test was used for inferential statistics as the data were not normally distributed. Contribution: Even though this study has limitation related to sample size, the results contribute to the existing theory and practice related to ICT integration in Indonesia. This study could be an incentive for improving readiness of teachers in rural areas regarding ICT use in learning activities. Findings: The results of this study indicated that the teachers had a good level of perception and motivation toward ICT integration in learning activities. However, they still faced with several issues related to facilities and technical expertise. Recommendations for Practitioners: The school principals together with related parties in the Education Office have to work together in designing IT training programs for teachers so that they have more knowledge and skills related to the use of ICT in teaching and learning activities and at the same time they can increase their confidence in using ICT. The government as a policy-maker should provide financial support for the schools to adequately provide ICT equipment needed in schools, as well as to prepare the necessary facilities and infrastructure. Recommendation for Researchers: In terms of ICT use in learning activities, more research needs to be done on the relationship between the use of ICT and students’ attainment in rural districts context. Impact on Society: This study suggests that teachers in rural districts in Indonesia have good perceptions of ICT integration in learning activities. However, to apply ICT-based curriculum as expected by the government, it is important for teachers to continue improving their ability and enriching their knowledge related to the use of ICT through training, both held by schools or other institutions so that teachers can vary their teaching methods or teaching strategies. Future Research: Further research may address how the use of ICT in learning activities affects students’ attainment in rural district context.

This study aims to determine the level of motivation and relationship of intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and self-learning concerning students’ achievement in the English language, in relevance with their determination and the use of English to derive knowledge and as a medium of communication. A total of 120 secondary high school students in Pekanbaru Riau, Indonesia were randomly chosen as sample to evaluate and determine the influence of internal and external factors, as well as self-learning in mastering the English Language. A set of questionnaire was used in this study to assess the level of students’ motivation and self-learning and its relationship with their achievement. A test was used to measure the level of English proficiency. Pearson correlation and descriptive analysis were used to analyze the findings by using SPSS version 19.0. The findings showed a medium high level of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and self-learning, whereas students’ achievement was simply at the medium low level. The findings show that there is a less significant relationship between extrinsic motivation and the English Language achievement among students, however there is no significant relationship between intrinsic motivation and self-learning with the achievement. The study also stressed on the importance of providing a supportive learning environment to inspire and encourage students’ interest to form a culture of learning English Language rather than independent learning and intrinsic motivation

M-WebQuest is a teaching model adapted from WebQuest created firstly by Bernie Dodge, where its development is used ADDIE model. This research aims to develop M-WebQuest to improve reading comprehension attainment of senior high school students Grade XI in Pekanbaru, Riau – Indonesia. In gaining the feasibility of the developed M-WebQuest, 3 experts, 10 English teachers and 30 students were involved. Based on the given questionnaire analysis, the experts agree on the feasibility of created M-WebQuest in terms of technical, content, material unit, and impacts of using M-WebQuest on students and teachers. The English teachers and the students are also agree on the feasibility of created M-WebQuest in terms of interface screen, texts, and content. Overall, it can be concluded that M-WebQuest can be used for the learning activities of English Reading Comprehension subject

Aim/Purpose: The purposes of this research are to analyze online learning management activities conducted by the principals of junior high schools in Indonesia in facing COVID-19 as well as to discuss their perspective and expectations towards online learning activities when facing COVID-19 and after COVID-19 has passed. Background: Due to the rapid spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture instructed that teaching and learning activities for all levels of education in Indonesia must be carried out online from home. There have been comprehensive reports about the various forms of online learning, its effects on students, the challenges, the learning transition from offline to online, and teachers’ views on this new approach. Very few, if any, focus on how principals act upon the transition during this COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this research focuses on how principals overcome various problems that arise in the implementation of online learning activities. Methodology: As many as 309 principals of junior high school from twelve districts in Indonesia were asked to give their responses to a set of questionnaires. The reliability of the questionnaire was analyzed using Cronbach’s Alpha with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The percentage was mainly used in the descriptive analysis. To obtain the influence among variables, the statistical inferential analysis was used. Contribution: Although the sample size of this research is limited, the results may contribute to the existing theory and practice related to the implementation of online learning in Indonesia. The findings of this research could be a guide for principals to manage online learning in the future. Findings: The data analysis showed that the constructs of organizing and monitoring-evaluation were found to play an important role as a mediator between the variables of planning with implementation of principal management in online learning. Path analysis demonstrated that the implementation variable was significantly influenced by the variables of planning, organizing and monitoring-evaluation, with a contribution value of 78.20%. Thus, it indicated that the planning, organizing and monitoring-evaluation variables contributed directly or indirectly to the implementation of principal management in online learning. Generally, the online learning management activities conducted by the principals of junior high schools in Indonesia have been carried out well, especially in the Implementing aspect. However, the aspects of Planning, as well as Monitoring and Evaluation, still need to be improved. Recommendations for Practitioners: The government is recommended to provide adequate online learning supporting facilities as well as to facilitate teachers to increase insight and knowledge in terms of technology use, especially in designing, implementing, and providing assessments of online learning. So far, the government has provided some facilities and conveniences to principals and teachers. However, some information and ICT related trainings from the government during the COVID-19 pandemic is not widely known by the principals and the teachers. Socialization about these is needed. Recommendation for Researchers: This work offers a theoretical understanding of the problems faced by school principals in facing COVID-19. Further research on how principals and teachers manage online learning activities needs to be carried out to solve various problems which might arise during the process of implementation. Impact on Society: This research suggests that the principals in Indonesia have good online learning management. However, to reach the stated learning objectives efficiently and effectively, the principals need to collaborate with the teachers as the main facilitators of the teaching and learning process. Cooperation with parents is also highly recommended. Future Research: Further research should focus on how the application of online learning can improve students’ achievement through good management and collaboration with teachers, other administration staff at schools, and parents.

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