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In this paper, we like to study the bioelectrical impedance analysis and propose a smart refrigerator for ubiquitous health care. A smart refrigerator has an additional function enabling users to keep in track of their health by the newly equipped installation. Also, it is equipped with a body fat analyzer that is used in gym and hospitals in order to receive health care in a ubiquitous environment. This proposed method is measured for body impedance and recognized for body composition by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Also, we expect that medical center manages user's condition such as amount of body fat, muscle, body water and etc. through internet in a ubiquitous environment. This proposed method has two merits. It can be used to measure more often and much cheaper than body fat analyzer in gym and hospitals.

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There are many ways to reduce diesel engine exhaust emissions. However, NO x emission is difficult to reduce because the hydrocarbon (HC) concentration in a diesel engine is not sufficient for NO x conversion. Therefore, in order to create stoichiometric conditions in the De-NO x catalyst, a secondary injection system is designed to inject liquid HC into the exhaust pipe. The atomization and distribution characteristics of the HC injected from a secondary injector are key technologies to obtain a high NO x conversion because inhomogeneous droplets of injected HC cause not only high fuel consumption but also deterioration of NO x emission. This paper describes the spray characteristics of a secondary injector including the spray angle, penetration length and breakup behaviour of the spray to optimize the reduction rate of the NO x catalyst. In this study, various optical diagnostics were applied to investigate these spray characteristics, the atomization mechanism and spray developing process. The visualization and image processing method for the spray pulsation were developed by high speed photography. The influence of the fuel supply pressure on the spray behaviour and a more detailed spray developing process have been analysed experimentally using image processing. Finally, the experimental results were used to correlate the spray structure to the injection system performance and to provide a design guide for a secondary injector nozzle.