Groundwater is a crucial natural resource that varies in quality and quantity across Bangladesh. Increased population and urbanization place enormous demands on groundwater supplies, reducing both their quality and quantity. This research aimed to delineate the groundwater potential zone in the Gazipur district, Bangladesh, by integrating eleven thematic layers. Data and information were gathered from Landsat 8, the digital elevation model, the google earth engine, and several ancillary sources. A multi-criterion decision-making (MCDM) based analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used in a GIS platform to estimate the groundwater potential index. The potential index values were finally classified into five sub-groups: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high to generate a groundwater water potential zone (GWPZ) map. The results show that groundwater potential in about 0.002% (0.026 km2) of the area is very low, 3.83% (63.18 km2) of the area is low, 56.2% (927.05 km2) of the area is medium, 39.25% (647.46 km2) of the area is high, and the rest 0.72% (11.82 km2) of the area is very high. The validation of GWPZ maps based on the groundwater level data at 20 observation wells showed an overall accuracy of 80%. In addition, the ROC curve showed 84% accuracy of GWPZ maps when validated with water inventory points across the study region. Overall, this study presents an easy and practical approach for identifying groundwater potential zones, which may help improve planning and sustainable groundwater resource management.

Lady'sfinger Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench is an annual kharif vegetable crop belongs to the family Malvaceae. This crop is cultivated in various parts of tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. In West Bengal, India it is cultivated in a commercial scale but its pest complex is very high which limit its production. Contribution of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) and aphid (Aphis gossypii) as sucking pest in this case is of great importance. Three doses of dinotefuron 20 SG (@ 20, 30 and 40 a.i. g /ha) two doses of imidacloprid 70 WG (@ 21 and 24.5 a.i. g /ha) and two doses of fipronil 5% SC (@ 25 and 37.5 a.i. g /ha) were applied to control whitefly and aphid. From overall observation it was revealed that dinotefuron 20 SG @ 40 g a.i./ha, fipronil 5% SC @ 37.5 g a.i./ha and imidacloprod 70 WG @ 24.5 g a.i/ha provided best suppression of whitefly (83.46 %, 82.59 % and 68.94 % white fly population suppression respectively) and aphid (79.02 %, 76.96 % and 70.46 % aphid population suppression respectively). These insecticides may be recommended for farmers use to control sucking pest.

Agent-based models have been proven to be quite useful in understanding and predicting the SARS-CoV-2 virus-originated COVID-19 infection. Person-to-person contact was considered as the main mechanism of viral transmission in these models. However, recent understanding has confirmed that airborne transmission is the main route to infection spread of COVID-19. We have developed a computationally efficient agent-based hybrid model to study the aerial propagation of the virus and subsequent spread of infection. We considered virus, a continuous variable, spreads diffusively in air and members of populations as discrete agents possessing one of the eight different states at a particular time. The transition from one state to another is probabilistic and age linked. Recognizing that population movement is a key aspect of infection spread, the model allows unbiased movement of agents. We benchmarked the model to recapture the temporal stochastic infection count data of the UK. The model investigates various key factors such as movement, infection susceptibility, new variants, recovery rate and duration, incubation period and vaccination on the infection propagation over time. Furthermore, the model was applied to capture the infection spread in Italy and France.

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