This paper looks at financial performance of non-financial sectors of Pakistan concerning capital structure. We gathered data from annual audited financial statements of 152 firms listed at PSX during 2010-2017. To analyze data gathered, we have employed descriptive, correlation and regression analyses techniques. The findings show substantial positive contribution of LTDA in EPS and ROA and significant negative role in NPM and ROE which implies prefer long term debt over short term debt because of less financing cost. STDTA has substantial negative contribution in firms financial performance among all sectors except sugar and communication & technology sectors. TDTA also has negative impact on financial performance of firms among all sectors except automobile sector, which implies that equity financing is preferable over debt financing. These findings validate pecking order theory and recommend preferring internal financing (retained earnings) over external financing.

The purpose of this study is to assess the response level of individuals concerning Islamic Insurance in Pakistan and to measure its outreach and most pertinent factors affecting customer selection of Islamic Insurance. It also seeks to make informed recommendations on empowering frameworks for the establishment of Takaful insurance through relevant marketing campaigns in Pakistan. The impact of factors like Customer Awareness, Consumer Satisfaction, Risk Perception, Compatibility and Religiosity was checked on Adoption of Islamic Insurance in Pakistan, with the presence of Social Influence as a mediating variable. Data were collected through questionnaire administered to 300 respondents, representing the Muslim community from urban as well as rural areas, of Pakistan. Partial least square-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through Smart PLS3 was used to examine the relationships among pertinent factors in this study. The findings suggest that most respondents are either not aware of Takaful as an insurance and investment option, or do not understand the concept altogether. This study suggests that Islamic insurance organizations should focus on awareness campaigns as an essential marketing strategy and dedicated resources to reach prime customer segments in general and fulfil the need to inform people about their products and services through clear understanding of principles of Shariah compliance. The findings of this research have important implications for Takaful companies as well as regulators and general insurance customers.

This research aims to investigate the behavior of the citizenry residing in Provincial Capital of Pakistan’s largest populated province of Punjab. Based on quantitative approach, a questionnaire with closed ended questions was distributed between two divisions of society – educated and uneducated – to measure their behavior towards the pandemic. The researchers have made an attempt to measure the cognitive dissonance of the society towards COVID with this hypothetical assumption that uneducated people would bother least as compared to the educated class. The research concluded the educated class had adopted more precautionary measures as compared to the uneducated class. However, there was a slight negation in awareness level of the educated and uneducated class regarding the pandemic. More precisely, the findings also surfaced cognitive dissonance theory in relation to the education, implying that regardless of the COVID-19 awareness and the spread, uneducated people are more likely in the state of cognitive dissonance that the educated people.

Fear of CIVID-19 and psychological health issues are most common in general population, health professionals and students after emerging the COVID-19 infection. The literature review elaborated the correlation among fear of COVID-19, stress, depression and anxiety among students at different levels.The current study was conducted with two objectives. First aim was to assess the relationships among fear of COVID-19, stress, anxiety and depression among university students. The second objective was to measure the mediating role of anxiety and stress between the relationship of fear of COVID-19 and depression.Total 500 Government and private university students were selected through convenient sampling technique to obtain the online data. Fear of COVID-19 Scale and Depression, Anxiety & Stress Scale were used as measuring tool to collect data. The results depicted that fear of COVID-19, stress, depression and anxiety had statistically significant positive relationships with each other. Mediation analysis also indicated the anxiety and stress as mediators with significant value (FCV with depression= p≥.05) and direct effect (-, +) in the presence of the mediators (anxiety and stress).The current study indicated the dire need of counseling services for students in order to reduce the fear of COVID-19 and symptoms of psychological disturbance.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the impact of telecommuting on "In Role Performance (IRP) and Extra Role Performance (ERP) of employees" and the research has also examined the moderating effect of "Polychronic Time Culture (PTC) vs Monochronic Time Culture MTC" and "High Context Culture (HCC) vs low context culture (LCC) on the relationship between teleworking and IRP and ERP, whether these factors moderate the relationship or not. The quantitative approach is used for this study. Data is collected through the online survey method, where 312 teleworkers of the telecommunication sector respond to the questionnaire. The collected information is tested using SPSS and AMOS by using confirmative factor analysis and structural equation modelling. This study's findings show that teleworking had a significant impact on the IRP and ERP of employees. Time cultures also had a significant moderating impact on the relationship between teleworking and In-role performance and employees' extra-role performance. In contrast, HCC vs LCC had an insignificant moderating impact on the relationship between teleworking and IRP of the employees, and it significantly influences the ERP of employees. This research has been conducted only in the telecommunication sector of Pakistan. Furthermore, this research focused only on two dimensions of Hall's cultural model; future research can use the national cultural model's other dimensions. This study gives several insights into how employees and organizations can be encouraged to work from home according to the organisation's standards. It also enables the organization to motivate employees to EERP while working from home.