Dairy business depends upon calf progeny and successful calf rearing is vital for livestock production and sustainability. Early life of calves is challenging and demands good husbandry practices. In dairy farming, male calves are usually reared for beef production and ignored as compared to female calves. Worm infestation is major threat in early life for survival in calves. The current study was designed to find out risk factors (age, sex and husbandry practices) responsible for worm infestation in Sahiwal calves. Sahiwal calves were selected from different farms in Faisalabad for this study. With the help of pretested & well validated questionnaire, information regarding age, sex, drinking water, mangers, water troughs condition, animal bedding, condition of floor, housing, feeding, skin condition, belly condition, history regarding diarrhea, pica, teeth grinding, hydration status and deworming were collected. Using McMaster technique, fecal samples were examined for number of eggs per gram (EPG). It was observed that age had significant effect on worm infestation while sex had non-significant effect. Mud floor, grazing, unclean mangers and water troughs, cracks and crevices in walls, dung heaps were the associated risk factors of worm infestation.

| Popularity in goat meat has led to increased interest in studying the retail cuts and offal yield of goat carcasses. This study aimed to investigate the effect of age and sex on the percentage of retail cuts and offal yield of local goats in Pakistan. Thirty-six goats were randomly selected and divided into four groups based on sex and age. Groups A and B (n=9) consisted of male goats with milk teeth and two teeth, respectively, while groups C and D (n=9) consisted of female goats with milk teeth and two teeth respectively. The results showed that age had a significant effect on the percentage of retail cuts, with two-teeth animals (male or female) having higher values than milk teeth animals. When comparing different age groups, the retail cuts in two teeth male goats showed higher percentages for forelimb (19.78% vs 17.09%), neck (9.96% vs 8.48%), ribs (7.31% vs 6.02%), breast (7.06% vs 5.57%), shoulder (15.46% vs 12.97%), chops (12.73% vs 10.61%), hind limb (37.34% vs 30.48%), flank (5.18% vs 3.71%), and sirloin (10.70% vs 8.26%) compared to milk teeth male goats. Comparison of two teeth female goats to milk teeth female goats, the average percentage of retail cuts in two teeth females was higher for forelimb (18.90% vs 16.60%), neck (9.40% vs 8.15%), ribs (6.60% vs 5.54%), breast (6.48% vs 5.17%), shoulder (14.70% vs 12.59%), chops (12.04% vs 10.02%), hind limb (35.32% vs 28.79%), flank (4.96% vs 3.43%), and sirloin (9.92% vs 7.51%) However, sex did not have a significant effect on retail cuts. Offal yield was influenced by both age and sex, with male goats and milk teeth animals showing higher values. Comparison between two-teeth and milk teeth animals showed significant differences in offal yield. Comparison of killing out percentage between different age and sex group shows average killing out percentage in two teeth male was 51.325, in two teeth female 51.402, in milk teeth male 48.601 and in milk teeth female 48.083. The study concluded that the effect of age on dressing percentage was significant, but the effect of sex was not significant. The killing out percentage value was higher in two-teeth animals and lower in milk teeth animals, but there was no significant difference between male and female goats. Overall, the study provides important insights into the optimal age and sex for slaughtering goats to achieve maximum returns and standardize the retail cuts of local Pakistani goats.Novelty Statement | The present study on the effect of age and sex on percentage of retail cuts and offal yield of local goats in Pakistan sheds light on an unexplored aspect of the country's meat industry and provides valuable insights for the future development of the sector.