Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women around the Globe. Asian countries have highest ratio of breast cancer. About 60 % cases from Asian countries due to lack of health care facilities and awareness about breast cancer in general population. Classification based on age, stage of disease, location of development and family history. Breast cell tumor due to gene mutation prognosis the disease into malignancies. Symptoms may appear in early stage or late stages of disease.Material and method:The literature review was conducted through different sources such as Google scholars, PubMed, MEDLINE and data base. The key words was used breast cancer incidence in Pakistan, prevalence of breast cancer, causes of breast cancer in Pakistan. Only those studies was selected published during the period of 2010 to 2020 and published in English.Results:From this literature review, following factors has been identified, effecting on breast cancer development. Lack of knowledge about breast cancer development. Lack of health care facilities in rural areas, family history and economic problems.Conclusion:Pakistani women are unaware of breast cancer knowledge. Low health care budget, early identification of disease, family history of breast cancer are major contributing factors of breast cancer.

Background: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is respiratory disorder, which is major public health concern. The incidence of COVID-19 is increasing day by day with multiple variants. The infection spread in more than 213 countries with more than 219 million cases reported and 4.5 million deaths recorded till date. The fatality rate of COVID is 4.1% in china, 12.8% in Italy, 10.2% in Spain, 3.9% in USA, 2.3% in Germany, 1.09% in India and 2% in Pakistan. Objectives: The purpose of this study to assess the percentage of hypertensive people who got the COVID 19. Methodology: Patients with confirmed COVID positive, admitted in hospital or home quarantined from different areas of Punjab province between November 2020 and April 2021 and willing to fill the questionnaire were included in the study. Hospitalized patients were admitted with specific presentation of acute respiratory distress and SARS COV-2 positive. Qualitative data collection was done through questionnaire. Only 200 true positive of COVID-19 patients agreed to fill the questionnaire. All 200 patients included both hypertensive and non-hypertensive histories. Results: Hypertensive patients have higher chances to get COVID 19 infection. In patients with hypertension and COVID-19 morbidity was 2.1%, in which more than 1.5% patients had underlying diseases. Patients age range from 35.5 years to 70 years. Conclusion: Hypertension increases the risk of COVID 19 and showed high mortality.

Background: Cancer is a group of the devastating disease having worldwide distribution, characterized by persistent proliferation or regeneration of cells. Breast cancer is a type of cancer that involves breast tissue and is one of the leading causes of deaths in women. Methods: The current study was designed to determine the expression level of BCRP encoded by ABCG2 gene has a central role in the pharmacokinetics of both xenobiotic and drugs as well as contributes to multidrug resistance in cancer therapy. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to determine the gene expression level and analysis.Results: The expression level of micro-RNA in up regulation of breast cancer resistance gene was determined as well as Foxo is playing a key role. Results showed that the relative Mir 140, Mir 145 and Micro 328 genes expression level are significantly higher expression level in breast cancer patient which down-regulate the ABCG protein. Src and mTOR genes are highly expressed in breast cancer patient. The data was analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and DMR test for significance. Conclusions: Results concluded that higher expression of microRNA, mTor and FOXO down regulate the ABCG2 gene and stimulate the process of chemo-resistance, cell proliferation, apoptosis resistance.

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