A 79-year-old man presented to our department with nasal obstruction and postnasal drip. On examination he had unusual bilateral nasal polyps, which were histologically diagnosed as meningioma. Twenty-seven years earlier he had undergone successful removal of a right frontal meningioma. A CT scan performed 7 years after his primary surgery had shown complete excision with no evidence of recurrence. Extracranial meningiomas are rare tumours and are usually extensions from an intracranial mass lesion. We document what we believe to be the first case of an extracranial meningioma, presenting as nasal polyps, 27 years after successful surgical eradication of the primary lesion.

Hexokinases (HKs) convert hexose sugars to hexose-6-phosphate, thus trapping them inside cells to meet the synthetic and energetic demands. HKs participate in various standard and altered physiological processes, including cancer, primarily through the reprogramming of cellular metabolism. Four canonical HKs have been identified with different expression patterns across tissues. HKs 1-3 play a role in glucose utilization, whereas HK 4 (glucokinase, GCK) also acts as a glucose sensor. Recently, a novel 5th HK, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), has been identified, which plays a role in whole-body glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Beyond the metabolic functions, HKDC1 is differentially expressed in many forms of human cancer. This review focuses on the role of HKs, particularly HKDC1, in metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression.

Background: the upper and lower airway form one contagious functional unit and exposed to same similar inflammatory stimuli that support hypothesis disease in one part could reflect or manifest on another.Objective: to assess the effects of sinonasal polyposis on ventilatory function test pre and post functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS).Methodology: This interventional randomized controlled clinical trial was carried out on 30 patients presented with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. All patients were subjected to nasal obstruction scale evaluation (NOSE) assessment, nasal endoscopic examination, Lund MacKay CT score and PFT pre and three months post FESS.Results: there was a significant decrease of 2 items of NOSE scale (nasal obstruction and trouble sleeping), endoscopic examination score, and Lund MacKay CT score, with significant increase of PFT (FEV 1 %, FVC %, FEV 1 \FVC ratio and FEF25-75%) three months post-operatively compared to preoperative values (p-value < 0.001). In the preoperative period 73.3% had an obstructive pattern in PFT while in the post-operative period only 36.6% had an obstructive pattern in PFT (p =0.004). By using multivariate logistic regression analysis, the most significant predictive factors of abnormal PFT in patients with sinonasal polyposis were right CT Lund MacKay scale (B= 0.74, p =0.014), left CT Lund MacKay scale (B= 0.56, p = 0.01), and total Lund MacKay CT score (0.4, p= 0.01).Conclusions: the sinonasal polyposis have negative effects in PFTs that improved after FESS. The predictive factor for reduced PFTs in patients with sinonasal polyposis is Lund MacKay CT score.